The Effect of Injection Timing on the Environmental Performances of the Engine Fueled by LPG in the Liquid Phase

Jaworski, Artur J.; Kuszewski, Hubert; Ustrzycki, A.

doi:10.5772/54604

Cited by 4 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 3 publications

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“…Although such maps form the basis of simulation studies, it is very difficult to obtain them from the literature. There are excellent quality BSFC/thermal efficiency maps available for ICEs (e.g., [33]), including those supplied with LPG (e.g., [34]), but there are very few maps for the entire range extender, i.e., an ICE coupled with an electric generator (e.g., [35]) and not two separate maps combined together (e.g., [36]). Finally, there are no maps for LPG-supplied range extenders.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Empirical Study on the Efficiency of an LPG-Supplied Range Extender for Electric Vehicles

et al. 2019

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A range extender is an auxiliary power unit, usually consisting of an internal combustion engine and an electric generator, which is used to charge a battery of an electric vehicle in order to increase its range. This paper considers a range extender supplied with liquefied petroleum gas (LPG). The aim is to provide detailed data on thermal efficiency, brake specific fuel consumption (BSFC), and unit emission of carbon dioxide (CO 2 ) in a broad spectrum of range extender operating conditions defined by rotational speed and torque. The experimental investigation has been conducted using a laboratory test stand equipped with an energy dissipation system of adjustable resistance. Measurement results, including fuel flow rate, were processed using custom algorithm for generating maps, i.e., two-dimensional dependencies of the considered parameters on the rotational speed and torque. The maps obtained for LPG supply were compared with those for gasoline supply. The results demonstrated feasibility of LPG-supplied range extender. Its BSFC and thermal efficiency were at a comparable level to those obtained for gasoline supply, but with less CO 2 emission. The empirical data collected has been adopted in the simulation of extended-range electric vehicle in a driving cycle, showing the potential of utilizing the results of this study.Energies 2019, 12, 3528 2 of 23 ( Figure 1). Their principle of operation is same as that of a standard BEVs, with the only difference being that an additional ICE acts as an on-board generator (range extender) to recharge the battery [11]. EREVs operate exclusively as BEVs when battery energy is available and have full performance in electric mode (e.g., top speed, acceleration capability) [12]. This is possible owing to EREV's electric propulsion system and battery sized in such a way that the ICE is not required for vehicle operation as long as battery energy is available [12]. It is therefore preferable to move the vehicle with the use of an electric motor only, i.e., in "zero emission" driving mode, but at the same time, the user is not afraid of running out of battery energy, and so called "range anxiety" (the term was introduced in the late 1990s [13]) is alleviated.Energies 2019, 12, x FOR PEER REVIEW 2 of 25 being that an additional ICE acts as an on-board generator (range extender) to recharge the battery [11]. EREVs operate exclusively as BEVs when battery energy is available and have full performance in electric mode (e.g., top speed, acceleration capability) [12]. This is possible owing to EREV's electric propulsion system and battery sized in such a way that the ICE is not required for vehicle operation as long as battery energy is available [12]. It is therefore preferable to move the vehicle with the use of an electric motor only, i.e., in "zero emission" driving mode, but at the same time, the user is not afraid of running out of battery energy, and so called "range anxiety" (the term was introduced in the late 1990s [13]) is alleviated.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Empirical Study on the Efficiency of an LPG-Supplied Range Extender for Electric Vehicles

et al. 2019

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“…The results of this study confirm an increase in engine performance and better exhaust emissions compared to the carburetor system. Others study, including the fuel cut-off method to cut off LPG flow to the engine during deceleration by controlling the solenoid on the vaporizer [31,32], emission comparison using a control system on liquid phase injection (LPI) and direct injection (DI) [33], as well as the characteristics of injection duration and control [34][35][36]. This has led to the development of intelligent control systems to support fuel efficiency.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Design and application of air to fuel ratio controller for LPG fueled vehicles at typical down-way

et al. 2019

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This article presents an investigation of air-fuel ratio (AFR) controllers applied to liquefied petroleum gas (LPG) fuelled vehicles with second-generation LPG kits. When a vehicle is running on a down-way, fuel consumption tends to be rich because of the increased vacuum in the intake manifold. Therefore, an AFR controller was developed that can work based on a vehicle's tilt sensor combined with an oxygen sensor. AFR controllers are employed to regulate injectors to form leaner mixtures. We tested the performance of AFR controller at a typical down-way of 10°, 15°, and 20°. As a result, the AFR controller was able to increase AFR value from an average of 14.5 (without controller) to 15.5-16.2, depending on the gear position and down-way angle. Furthermore, a greater of road slope was observed to have produced greater AFR. This AFR controller is very promising to be applied to vehicles operating in mountainous areas.

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Improvement of Piston Engines Operation as Distributed Generation to Reduce Carbon Emissions

Roque¹,

Chowdhury

2018

2018 IEEE PES/IAS PowerAfrica

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The Effect of Injection Timing on the Environmental Performances of the Engine Fueled by LPG in the Liquid Phase

Cited by 4 publications

References 3 publications

Empirical Study on the Efficiency of an LPG-Supplied Range Extender for Electric Vehicles

Empirical Study on the Efficiency of an LPG-Supplied Range Extender for Electric Vehicles

Design and application of air to fuel ratio controller for LPG fueled vehicles at typical down-way

Improvement of Piston Engines Operation as Distributed Generation to Reduce Carbon Emissions

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