The effect of initial pattern on competitive exclusion

E, Racz; Karsai, János

doi:10.1556/comec.7.2006.1.3

Cited by 12 publications

(20 citation statements)

References 34 publications

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“…Several theoretical studies have demonstrated that endogenous heterogeneity can facilitate species co‐existence when resident species vary in the extent to which they are affected by inter‐ and intraspecific competition and their abilities to disperse (via ramets or seeds) locally (Bolker & Pacala ; Law & Dieckmann ; Bolker et al. ; Racz & Karsai ; Murrell ). In our study, ramets of the planted individuals established in the spaces among the planting locations, altering the neighbourhood composition surrounding the planted individuals.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, it is important to note that initial interactions among seedlings are later affected as mature plants disperse locally, interact at different distances (neighbourhood size) (Bolker & Pacala ; Law & Dieckmann ; Bolker et al. ; Racz & Karsai ; Murrell ), and interact with the exogenous environment. Consequently, it is unclear if effects of species patterning during seedling establishment would persist as communities became more established.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Initial species pattern affects invasion resistance in experimental grassland plots

Yurkonis

Wilsey

Moloney

2011

J Vegetation Science

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Question Does the spatial patterning of plant species affect plant community dynamics in ways that are independent of effects attributable to species richness or abundances? Does the initial species pattern affect subsequent diversity and invasion in a perennial grassland system? Location Field experiment, Iowa State University Horticultural Research Station, Ames, Iowa, USA. Methods Experimental plots (4 m2) were planted with seedlings of four grassland species arranged into increasingly larger groups (patches) of conspecific individuals while controlling plot‐scale richness and evenness. Available light (photosynthetically active radiation; PAR) at the soil surface was measured each month for three growing seasons after planting. Species’ relative abundances were quantified via point‐intercept sampling within each plot at the end of each growing season. Results In the three growing seasons after planting, planted species richness and evenness (plot scale) did not vary among plots planted with different species patterns. However, early in the second growing season more light reached the soil surface in plots with initially larger conspecific patches. Invader abundance was also consistently higher in plots planted with initially larger conspecific patches. Conclusions Our findings support the hypothesis that invasion resistance increases as communities become more heterogeneous at fine scales and suggest that within‐plot heterogeneity should be considered as an additional factor when assessing invasion resistance in perennial plant communities.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Initial species pattern affects invasion resistance in experimental grassland plots

Yurkonis

Wilsey

Moloney

2011

J Vegetation Science

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“…4), suggesting that greater species diversity was maintained even after extensive invasion of this species. In addition to giving subordinates time to establish, delays in the arrival of competitive dominants could also allow other coexistence mechanisms to operate (Hubbell 2001, Levine and Murrell 2003, Racz and Karsai 2006. In addition to giving subordinates time to establish, delays in the arrival of competitive dominants could also allow other coexistence mechanisms to operate (Hubbell 2001, Levine and Murrell 2003, Racz and Karsai 2006.…”

Section: Species-specific Responses To Planting Patternmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Modeling studies (both theoretical and simulative) suggest that intraspecific aggregation can facilitate species coexistence (e.g., Weiner and Conte 1981, Inouye 1999, Hartley and Shorrocks 2002, Turnbull et al 2007). These mechanisms prevent competitive dominants from moving into patches occupied by competitive subordinates, or slow such invasions long enough for other coexistence mechanisms (e.g., immigration or storage in seed banks) to operate (Weiner and Murrell andLaw 2003, Racz andKarsai 2006, but see Vogt et al 2010). These mechanisms prevent competitive dominants from moving into patches occupied by competitive subordinates, or slow such invasions long enough for other coexistence mechanisms (e.g., immigration or storage in seed banks) to operate (Weiner and Murrell andLaw 2003, Racz andKarsai 2006, but see Vogt et al 2010).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Can initial intraspecific spatial aggregation increase multi‐year coexistence by creating temporal priority?

Porensky

Vaughn

Young

2012

Ecological Applications

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Both intraspecific spatial aggregation and temporal priority effects have the potential to increase long-term species coexistence. Theory and models suggest that intraspecific aggregation can facilitate coexistence via limited dispersal or asymmetric interaction distances. During community assembly, intraspecific aggregation may also delay interactions between more and less competitive species, thus creating opportunities for priority effects to facilitate longer-term coexistence. Few empirical studies have tested predictions about aggregation and coexistence, especially in the context of community assembly or ecological restoration. We investigated (1) impacts of intraspecific aggregation on the assembly of eight-species communities over three years, (2) the scale dependence of these impacts, and (3) implications for California prairie restoration. We planted eight native species in each of 19, 5 m wide, octagonal plots. Species were either interspersed throughout the plot or aggregated into eight, 2.2-m(2), wedge-shaped, monospecific sectors. Over three years, species diversity declined more quickly in interspersed plots than in aggregated plots. Two species had higher cover or increased more in interspersed than aggregated plots and were identified as "aggressives." Four species had higher cover or increased more in aggregated than interspersed plots and were identified as "subordinates." Within aggregated plots, aggressive species expanded beyond the sector in which they were originally seeded. Cover of aggressive species increased faster and reached higher values in sectors that were adjacent to the originally planted sector, compared to nonadjacent sectors. Cover of aggressive species also increased more and faster near plot centers, compared to plot edges. Areas near plot centers were representative of smaller aggregation patches since species were planted closer to heterospecific neighbors. Two subordinate species maintained higher cover near plot edges than near plot centers. Moreover, two subordinate species maintained higher cover when seeded in sectors farther away from aggressive species. These results suggest that initial intraspecific aggregation can facilitate species coexistence for at least three years, and larger aggregation patches may be more effective than smaller ones in the face of dispersing dominants. The creation of temporal priority effects may represent an underappreciated pathway by which intraspecific aggregation can increase coexistence. Restorationists may be able to maintain more diverse communities by planting in a mosaic of monospecific patches.

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“…Nevertheless, spatial statistics have been used to distinguish intraspecific and interspecific associations (Roxburgh & Chesson ) and to link associations to competitive processes (Stoll & Prati ; Luo et al . ), to disentangle interspecific associations and environmental signals (Wiegand, Gunatilleke & Gunatilleke ) and to investigate the role of spatial structure in maintaining species richness and preventing competitive exclusion (Rácz & Karsai ; Damgaard ; Vogt, Murrell & Stoll ; Luo et al . ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Success of spatial statistics in determining underlying process in simulated plant communities

2015

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Summary Spatial statistics are widely used in studies of ecological processes in plant communities, especially to provide evidence of neutral or non‐neutral mechanisms that might support species coexistence. The contribution of such statistics has been substantial, but their ability to identify any links between underlying processes and emergent patterns is not certain. We investigate the ability of a number of spatial statistics to distinguish theorized mechanisms of species coexistence (spatial and temporal niche differentiation, neutrality, the Janzen–Connell effect and heteromyopia) in a simulated plant community. We find that individual statistics differ substantially in their sensitivity to these mechanisms, with those based on nearest neighbour species identities being the most sensitive. These differences are largely robust to changes in the strength of the modelled mechanisms when simulated independently and in combination. The spatial signal of niche differentiation is always distinct in simulations that combine mechanisms. Synthesis. We describe full spatial signals of modelled coexistence mechanisms that are observed consistently across statistics and simulated strengths and combinations of mechanisms, and identify a set of spatial statistics that holds particular promise for empirical studies designed to investigate mechanisms of these kinds.

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The effect of initial pattern on competitive exclusion

Cited by 12 publications

References 34 publications

Initial species pattern affects invasion resistance in experimental grassland plots

Initial species pattern affects invasion resistance in experimental grassland plots

Can initial intraspecific spatial aggregation increase multi‐year coexistence by creating temporal priority?

Success of spatial statistics in determining underlying process in simulated plant communities

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