The Effect of Infusion of Sodium Cloxacillin in all Infected Quarters of Lactating Cows in Sixteen Herds

Wilson, Claire; Westgarth, D. R.; Kingwill, R. G.; Griffin, T. K.; Neave, F. K.; Dodd, F. H.

doi:10.1016/s0007-1935(17)37134-8

Cited by 19 publications

(19 citation statements)

References 4 publications

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“…Many cows were probably already infected before or became infected at calving, implying a high possibility of either ineffective dry cow therapy or errors in dry and fresh cows' management. Dry period is a critical time in the lactation cycle (Bradley et al, 2010), as it is the optimum time to cure existing intramammary infections (Wilson et al, 1972) and a high-risk period for new intramammary infections (Smith et al, 1985). The probability of cows to develop new intramammary infections during the dry period has been related with high milk yield before drying-off, longer duration of the dry period, housing of dry cows in tie-stall barns, as well as with number of parity and SCS above 4.0 on last test-day before drying-off (Dingwell et al, 2002, Madouasse et al, 2012.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Epidemiological evaluation of subclinical mastitis of dairy cows in Greece

Themistokleous

Karagiannis

Boscos

et al. 2020

J Hellenic Vet Med Soc

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Subclinical mastitis, diagnosed by elevated somatic cell count (SCC) in milk, is an important monitoring parameter of dairy cows’ udder health, related to their productivity and welfare. The present retrospective study aims to evaluate the epidemiology of subclinical mastitis (SCM) among the 37 herds of the Holstein Association of Greece participating in the milk quality recording system “ΙΩ”, from the start of 2015 until the end of 2018. The herds’ inclusion criterion was the consistency of monthly SCC recording throughout at least one full year between 2015 and 2018, with a maximum interval of 61 days between two consecutive monthly SCC recordings. Twenty-six herds (8630 cows) in 2015, thirty herds (10763 cows) in 2016, thirty herds (10945 cows) in 2017 and twenty-six herds (9597 cows) in 2018 were included. The prevalence of SCM and chronic SCM, the incidence rate of new cases of SCM, as well as the average somatic cell score and bulk tank milk SCC were determined for each of the four years. The results indicate a progressive deterioration of udder health from the onset of the cow’s productive life until culling. A year-over-year increase in the number of cows with subclinical mastitis led to an overall SCM prevalence of 34.5%, chronic SCM prevalence of 26.9% and a bulk tank milk SCC of 463000 cells/mL, in 2018. The average somatic cell score, a base 2logarithm of individual cow’s SCC, was found persistently above the subclinical mastitis indicative cut-off in all four years, with a peak in 2018. At herd level, the incidence rate of new SCM cases was 12 new cases / 100 cows / month; the highest incidence rate was observed in the early lactation stage group (1-60 days-in-milk), in all four years, reaching a peak of 31 new cases / 100 cows / month, in 2018. In 2018, prevalence of heifers’ SCM and chronic SCM was23.4% and 16.9%, respectively. Despite the adequate average 305-days milk yield (9608 kg in 2018), the results were indicative of poor udder health status, pointed out by reduced duration of cows’ productive life (less than 3 lactations)and lower milk quality (elevated SCC). The severity and wide spreading of subclinical mastitis in Greek dairy herds highlights the necessity of a national mastitis control program, aiming to improve the productive efficacy, management decisions accuracy and quality of produced milk.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Epidemiological evaluation of subclinical mastitis of dairy cows in Greece

Themistokleous

Karagiannis

Boscos

et al. 2020

J Hellenic Vet Med Soc

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“…This clinical mastitis may have been non-specific in that it was the result of physiological changes independent of microbial infection. There was evidence of this during the experiment (Wilson et al 1972). Alternatively, some of the quarters may have been infected, but the pathogens were not isolated in the pretreatment double sample.…”

Section: Equivocal Results At the First 2 Tests In Relation To The Ocmentioning

confidence: 97%

“…The only exception was that in half of the herds at the start of the experiment all quarters which secreted major pathogens in the milk at first or second test were treated with antibiotics to compare the effect of 4 different formulations of antibiotic and also to measure the value of blitz treatment in a hygiene control system (Wilson et al 1972).…”

Section: Source Of Informationmentioning

confidence: 99%

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A method of diagnosing intramammary infection in dairy cows for large experiments

Griffin¹,

Dodd²,

Neave³

et al. 1977

Journal of Dairy Research

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SummaryDiagnosis of microbial infections in the udders of cows in commercial dairy farms for large experiments cannot be without error. Limitations of sampling method and routine prevent collection of the necessary information for sure diagnosis. However, with an organized method of repeated bacteriological examinations using consistent and proven methods of aseptic sampling the errors were shown to be very low. A method based on bacteriological tests on aseptic milk samples was used in 32 herds (approximately 2000 cows) for a 3-year period. This is described and examined in terms of other criteria to validate its use in experimental work. With this method it was not difficult to differentiate between those quarters which regularly shed pathogens and those which did not. Other evidence indicated that it was reasonable to assume that this classification accurately distinguished between infected and uninfected quarters. The errors using this method were quite small: when measuring the state of infection of all quarters in the herds the errors did not exceed 1 %. Some small modifications to the method described are suggested to improve further its diagnostic accuracy.

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“…The formulation in the dry cow thus determines the timeconcentration profile of antibiotics to a larger extent than in the udder of the lactating cow. Hence, in efforts to sustain release, formulations have incorporated the drug molecules into a parficular matrix, by adsorption onto insoluble inert compounds, by microencapsulation, by suitable choice of vehicles and thixotropic agents, and by desolubilizing the drug by conjugation with degradable desolubilizing moieties (Ziv, 1978;Dowrick & Marsden 1975;Wilson et al, 1972).…”

Section: (7)mentioning

confidence: 99%

Physico‐chemical and formulation‐induced veterinary drug‐product bioinequivalencies

Pope

1984

Vet Pharm & Therapeutics

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The Effect of Infusion of Sodium Cloxacillin in all Infected Quarters of Lactating Cows in Sixteen Herds

Cited by 19 publications

References 4 publications

Epidemiological evaluation of subclinical mastitis of dairy cows in Greece

Epidemiological evaluation of subclinical mastitis of dairy cows in Greece

A method of diagnosing intramammary infection in dairy cows for large experiments

Physico‐chemical and formulation‐induced veterinary drug‐product bioinequivalencies

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