The effect of induced forelimb lameness on thoracolumbar kinematics during treadmill locomotion

Abstract

SummaryReasons for performing study: Lameness has often been suggested to result in altered movement of the back, but there are no detailed studies describing such a relationship in quantitative terms. Objectives: To quantify the effect of induced subtle forelimb lameness on thoracolumbar kinematics in the horse.

Musculoskeletal Injuries in Nonracing Quarter Horses

“…Methodic examination of the axial skeleton and associated musculature is important in determining the overall condition of the horse, the likelihood of potential forelimb or hind limb lameness, and the presence and significance of primary or secondary back problems. Forelimb lameness has been shown to affect kinematics of the thoracolumbar spine [67] and may lead to back dysfunction. In the author's experience, horses that exhibit pain on palpation of the thoracolumbar epaxial musculature are frequently lame in the forelimbs and horses that exhibit pain on deep palpation over the sacroiliac region are frequently lame in the hind limbs.…”

A Cross Sectional Study on Risk Factors Associated with Lameness of Working Donkeys in and around Hawassa, Ethiopia

“…Limb palpation was performed from distal to proximal, noting pain responses, swelling, cracks and wounds. Spinal palpation and manipulation was included as a standard element in a complete lameness examination (Alvarez et al, 2007).…”

Association of a Subjective Muscle Score With Increased Angles of Flexion During Sitting Trot in Dressage Horses

“…Alterations in muscle development may be related to back pain [17,18], lameness [19], conformation [20], rider [21,22], saddle fit [23], and exercise history [24]. Visual and palpation assessment of the posture (1) rostral aspect of the facial crest, (2) wing of atlas, (3) proximal aspect of the scapular spine, (4) over the cranial eminence of the greater tubercle of the humerus, (5) the lateral epicondyle of the humerus over the lateral collateral ligament of the elbow, (6) lateral styloid process of the radius, (7) proximal aspect of the third metacarpal bone at the junction with the base of the fourth metacarpal bone, (8) distal aspect of the third metacarpal bone over the lateral collateral ligament of the metacarpophalangeal joint, (9) lateral collateral ligament of the distal interphalangeal joint (designated coronary band), (10) dorsal aspect of the hoof wall at the level of the coronary band, (11) dorsal aspect of the hoof wall at the level of the coronary band, (12) lateral collateral ligament of the distal interphalangeal joint (designated coronary band), (13) distal aspect of the third metatarsal bone over the collateral ligament of the metatarsophalangeal joint, (14) proximal aspect of the third metatarsal bone at the junction with the base of the fourth metatarsal bone, (15) midtalus, (16) proximal aspect of fibula, (17) medial epicondyle of the distal femur, (18) proximal aspect of the greater trochanter of the femur, (19) ischiatic tuberosity, (20) top of tail, (21) proximal aspect of the tuber coxae, (22) tuber sacrale, (23) spinous process of the fourth lumbar vertebra, and (24) spinous process of the sixth thoracic vertebra. Table 1): (1) cervical, (2) thoracic, (3) lumbosacral, (4) pelvic, (5) hindlimb, and (6) abdominal.…”