The effect of in ovo ethanol exposure on retina and optic nerve in a chick embryo model system

Tufan, A. Çevik; Abban, Gülçin; Akdoğan, Ilgaz; Erdoğan, Deniz; Özoğul, Candan

doi:10.1016/j.reprotox.2006.09.006

Cited by 22 publications

(16 citation statements)

References 42 publications

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“…As the eye is essentially a highly specialized extension of the brain, we decided to investigate the effect of salt-loading/treatment on eye development with special focus on the developing retina and lens. As a model for the experiment we chose the early chick embryo model because it corresponds to the first month of embryonic development in mammals with an eye structure that is big in size in proportion to the embryos body [26,27]. …”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of High Salt-Exposure on the Development of Retina and Lens in 5.5-Day Chick Embryo

Chen¹,

Wang²,

Wang³

et al. 2014

Cell Physiol Biochem

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Background/Aims: Excess maternal salt intake during pregnancy may alter fetal development. However, our knowledge on how an increased salt intake during pregnancy influences fetal eye development is limited. In this study, we investigated the effects of high-salt treatment on the developing eyes in chick embryos, especially focusing on the development of the retina and the lens. Methods: 5.5-day chick embryos were exposed to 280mosm/l (n=17), or 300mosm/l (n=16) NaCl. The treated embryos were then incubated for 96 hours before they were fixed with 4% paraformaldehyde for H&E staining, whole-mount embryo immunostaining and TUNEL staining. BrdU and PH3 incorporation experiments were performed on the chick embryos after high-salt treatment. RT-PCR analyses were conducted from chick retina tissues. Results: We demonstrated that high-salt treatment altered the size of eyes in chick embryos, induced malformation of the eyes and impaired the development of the lens and the retina. We found an impaired expression of Paired box 6 (PAX6) and neuronal cells in the developing retina as revealed by neurofilament immunofluorescent staining. There was a reduction in the number of BrdU-positive cells and PH3-positive cells in the retina, indicating an impaired cell proliferation with high-salt treatment. High-salt treatment also resulted in an increased number of TUNEL-positive cells in the retina, indicating a higher amount of cell death. RT-PCR data displayed that the expression of the pro-apoptotic molecule nerve growth factor (NGF) in chick retina was increased and CyclinD1 was reduced with high-salt treatment. The size of the lens was reduced and Pax6 expression in the lens was significantly inhibited. High salt-treatment was detrimental to the migration of neural crest cells. Conclusion: Taken together, our study demonstrated that high-salt exposure of 5.5-day chick embryos led to an impairment of retina and lens development, possibly through interfering with Pax6 expression.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of High Salt-Exposure on the Development of Retina and Lens in 5.5-Day Chick Embryo

Chen¹,

Wang²,

Wang³

et al. 2014

Cell Physiol Biochem

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“…Ethanol induces altered differentiation of all retinal cell types including ganglion cells, Müller glia and photoreceptors (Chmielewski et al, 1997; Dlugos and Rabin, 2007; Kashyap et al, 2007; Matsui et al, 2006; Tufan et al, 2007). A number of different approaches have been used to pursue the mechanisms of these effects in zebrafish, including the use of prolonged ethanol treatment (Dlugos and Rabin, 2007), treatment over the period of retinal neurogenesis but prior to photoreceptor differentiation (Kashyap et al, 2007), and treatment during photoreceptor differentiation (Matsui et al, 2006).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ethanol-Induced Microphthalmia is Not Mediated by Changes in Retinoic Acid or Sonic Hedgehog Signaling During Retinal Neurogenesis

Kashyap

Frey

Stenkamp

2011

Alcoholism: Clinical and Experimental Research

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Background Microphthalmia (reduced eye size), generally accompanied by vision defects, is a hallmark of fetal alcohol spectrum disorder (FASD) in humans. In zebrafish, embryonic ethanol exposure over the time of retinal neurogenesis also results in microphthalmia. This microphthalmia is in part the consequence of reduced retinal cell differentiation, including photoreceptors. Here we pursue 2 signaling pathways implicated in other aspects of FASD pathogenesis: retinoic acid (RA) and Sonic hedgehog (Shh). Methods We evaluated markers for RA and Shh signaling within the eyes of embryos treated with ethanol during the period of retinal neurogenesis. We also perrormed rescue experiments using administration of exogenous RA and microinjection of cholesterol, which augments Shh signaling. Results Using sequential or co-treatments, RA did not rescue ethanol-induced microphthalmia at any concentration tested. In addition, RA itself caused microphthalmia, although the underlying mechanisms were distinct from those or ethanol. Interestingly, RA treatment appeared to recover photoreceptor differentiation in a concentration-dependent manner. This may be an independent effect or exogenous RA, as ethanol treatment alone did not alter RA signaling in the eye. Cholesterol injection also did not rescue ethanol-induced microphthalmia at any concentration tested, and ethanol treatments did not alter expression of shh, or of ptc-2, which is normally regulated by Shh signaling. Conclusions Together these findings indicate that, during the time of retinal neurogenesis, effects of ethanol on eye development are likely independent of the RA and Shh signaling pathways. These studies suggest that FASD intervention strategies based upon augmentation or RA or Shh signaling may not prevent ethanol-induced microphthalmia.

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“…Individuals suffering from FAS exhibit the spectrum of defects including Physical and Mental retardation, cognitive, behavioral and learning disabilities with identifiable facial dysmorphology (Popova, Lange et al 2011;Lange, Shield et al 2013). A number of studies report the use of animal models in the understanding of complexity of FAS and effects of EtOH on various developmental defects have been extensively studied on different animal models including mice (Nakatsuji and Johnson 1984), chick (Tufan, Abban et al 2007), Xenopus (Nakatsuji 1983) and zebrafish (Bilotta, Barnett et al 2004). …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of a Single Dose of Ethanol on Survival Rate and Angiogenesis of Chick Embryo

Laghari¹

2015

AVS

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Abstract:The developing Chick has been widely used as a model organism for research studies in developmental biology.Various aspects of ethanol (EtOH) toxicity during embryonic development have been documented in experimental studies. The studies on chick embryo address the effects of EtOH on craniofacial abnormalities and angiogenesis. The purpose of this study was to assess the effects of a single dose of ethanol on survival rate and angiogenesis of chick embryos during early stages of development. Chick eggs were incubated at 37ºC in the humidified incubator, after 72 hours of incubation these eggs were removed from incubator, and treated with a single doses of 1%, 5%, 10%, 13% and 15% EtOH. The effects on survival rate and angiogenesis were recorded on ethanol treated chick embryos. The survival rate was slightly reduced with 1% and 5% EtOH, however with increasing dose of 10% the survival rate was reduced to 64% and at 15% EtOH complete death was observed. Our results also indicate that treatment of EtOH with 1% and 5% did not have any obvious effects on vessels formation in comparison with the BSS treated embryos. However, treatment of chick embryo with 10%, 13% and 15% EtOH severely inhibited the blood vessels formation.

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The effect of in ovo ethanol exposure on retina and optic nerve in a chick embryo model system

Cited by 22 publications

References 42 publications

Effects of High Salt-Exposure on the Development of Retina and Lens in 5.5-Day Chick Embryo

Effects of High Salt-Exposure on the Development of Retina and Lens in 5.5-Day Chick Embryo

Ethanol-Induced Microphthalmia is Not Mediated by Changes in Retinoic Acid or Sonic Hedgehog Signaling During Retinal Neurogenesis

Effects of a Single Dose of Ethanol on Survival Rate and Angiogenesis of Chick Embryo

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