The Effect of Imperfection Shape on Upheaval Buckling Behaviour

Lateral buckling of submarine pipelines under high temperature and high pressure—A literature review

“…Taylor and Gan (1986) took into account such initial imperfections in terms of both their maximum amplitude and half-wavelength. Ju and Kyriakides (1988) and Richards (1990) proved that the critical force of pipelines was also sensitive to the shape of the initial imperfection. In studies such as Palmer et al (1990), Maltby and Calladine (1995b), Taylor and Tran (1996) and Croll (1997), the attention was given only to the maximum amplitude of the initial imperfection, which may solely influence the lateral buckling of pipelines.…”

Prediction of the upheaval buckling critical force for imperfect submarine pipelines

“…As for critical temperature, they believed that it is dependent on the curvature of the imperfection at the horizontal position at which it occurs. Subsequently, Richards (1990) studied the effect of imperfection shape on upheaval buckling behavior. He obtained the conclusion again that the critical force is sensitive to imperfection shape of pipeline.…”