The effect of <i>Rhizobium</i> inoculation and nitrogen fertiliser on nitrogen fixation and seed yield of dry beans (<i>Phaseolus vulgaris</i>)

Cardoso

Journal of Plant Nutrition

et al. 1998

Although common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) has a good potential for N 2 fixation, poor nodulation following inoculation, principally under field conditions, has led to increased nitrogen (N) fertilizer use in this crop. In the face of the negative environmental effects of N fertilizer, alternative methods have been studied to minimize the amount to be applied. In this sense, foliar application of molybdenum (Mo) has been cited as a promising method. Several papers show that high bean yields (1,500-2,500 kg ha -1 ), may be obtained in the southeasten region of Brazil, when there is an application of N as side dressing or Mo spray 25 days after plant emergence. A field experiment was carried out to verify the effect of Mo foliar application on nitrogenase and nitrate reductase activities and on bean yield. Treatments included Rhizobium inoculation (with and without), foliar application of Mo 1 Corresponding author.

mentioning

confidence: 85%

Foliar application of molybdenum in common beans. I. Nitrogenase and reductase activities in a soil of high fertility

Cardoso

Journal of Plant Nutrition

et al. 1998

“…These estimates were insensitive to the level of mineral N in the previous October which was taken as 0. French bean was different from the other crops in that their associated Rhizobium (Taylor et al 1983), at Wellesbourne, could supply the crop with an amount of N equivalent of up to 60 kg ha −1 of fertilizer-N, an amount that decreased with increase in fertilizer-N. On this basis it was considered that the equivalent amount of N fertilizer (NR) provided by the Rhizobium was given by NR ¼ max 0:5 120 À NF ð Þ ; 0 f g ð 9Þ…”

Section: Model Inputsmentioning

confidence: 99%

A dynamic model for the combined effects of N, P and K fertilizers on yield and mineral composition; description and experimental test

et al. 2007

This paper describes an integrated model for calculating the interactive effects of N, P and K fertilizers on crop response by combining routines from separate N, P and K models which used readily available inputs. The new model uses the principle of the 'Law of the Minimum' to calculate actual daily increments in plant weight and uptake of each nutrient based on the nutrient least able to meet the plant requirements, although account is also taken of soil factors such as the dependence of soil solution K on the level of mineral N. The validity of the model was tested against the results of 4 field experiments with different combinations of crop species, times of harvest, and levels of N, P and K fertilizers. The integrated model gave good overall predictions of the plant dry weight (excluding fibrous roots) and %N of the dry weight. However, predictions of its %P and %K in the dry weight were less satisfactory, especially in the luxury range. Simulation studies with low levels of nutrients showed that, while most interactive effects on final yield conformed to the Law of the Minimum type of response, the inter-dependence of K and nitrate concentrations in the soil solution resulted in responses to K at different levels of N that were better represented by the Mitscherlich equation or the Multiple Limitation Hypothesis. Thus the adaptability of the model allowed it to reproduce crop responses predicted by three quite different non-mechanistic static equations previously used in the literature to summarise nutrient interaction data. This suggests that the model has the potential to provide a mechanistic basis for interpreting factorial NPK fertilizer trials. Opportunities for improving the model were provided by the experimental findings that %P was strongly correlated with %N throughout the entire range of treatments; that K fertilizers failed to increase %K when %N was low; that fertilizer N increased plant %K when the level of K fertilizer was substantial but not otherwise; and that fertilizer-P depressed plant %K. The model validation also showed that there is a need to improve the parameterization for major crops. Keywords Crop response . Fertilizer . Interaction . Model . Law of the minimum . Multiple limitation hypothesis Abbreviations β coefficient defining the dependence of N crit on W D 90 depth of soil containing 90% of roots D 1 D 2 D 3 different statistical methods for Plant Soil (2007) 298:81-98

“…Rhizobia inoculation of bean seed to facilitate nodulation and N2 fixation by the bean plant generally has not increased seed yield (Diatloff and Saint-Smith, 1981;Huntington et al, 1986;Weiser et al, 1985) although a few authors reported increased seed yield (Sparrow and Ham, 1983;Taylor et al, 1983).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 97%

“…Ranges of biologically assimilated N2 contributions were reported as 25 to 30 kg N ha -1 which amounted to 37 to 68% of the total plant N in Brazil (Ruschel et aL, 1982), 37-100kgNha -1 in U.K. (Taylor et al, 1983) and 40 to 125 kg N ha-t in Colombia (Graham and Rosas, 1977), and 40 to 121kgNha -~ in Canada which supplied about 50% of plant N (Rennie and Kemp, 1983).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 98%

Identification and characterization of common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) lines well nodulated in the presence of high nitrate

Park

Buttery

1989

Plant Soil

Common bean, Phaseolus vulgaris L., is known to be 'inefficient' in nodulation and N2 fixation although it responds to applied nitrogen. An experiment was conducted to identify and to characterize bean cultivars nodulating in the presence of a high level of nitrogen.Sixteen cultivars and a check for inefficient nodulation, OAC Seaforth, were inoculated and grown for 40 days in replicated pots supplied with zero, 3.5 and 10.5 mM combined nitrogen as NO3 and NH2. Seven traits relating to nodulation and N2 fixation were all significantly affected by N level (N), cultivar (Cv) and N x Cv interactions (except for root dry weight), indicating that cultivars responded differently to the N treatments. Total dry weight (W) and shoot to root ratio (S/R) increased with the increased N levels. Nodule dry weight (Wn), visual nodulation score (Nv) and nodulation index (Nx) decreased as the N increased. Percent N and N content per plant increased with the increased N level. Plant weight (W) was positively correlated with Wn, Nv and N content and negatively correlated with %N. Nodulation score was positively associated with Wn and plant N content. Genotypes superior in nodulation and N2 fixation in the presence of N were identified. Cultivars Italian Barlotti, California Light Red Kidney, Kentucky Wonder A and Pueblo 152 were selected for further testing and use in improving the nitrate tolerant nodulating characteristic of bean.