The effect of hydrogen gas evolution of magnesium implant on the postimplantation mortality of rats

Abstract

SummaryBackground/ObjectiveHydrogen gas cavity is formed during in vivo degradation of magnesium implants. In many studies, the gas cavity is mostly punctured out subcutaneously. However, this procedure becomes inapplicable in certain internal surgeries; therefore, the effect of this gas cavity is worth further assessment.MethodsIn this study, we investigated the effect of hydrogen gas evolution on the mortality of rats and analysed the whole body capacity to relieve the gas. Porous pure-magnesium implants were implanted in the femoral bone defect of adult Sprague-Dawley rats up to 18 days, and their survival rate was calculated while the gas cavity size was measured, and its effect was analysed with support of radiographic and blood analysis.ResultsThe gas cavity was rapidly formed surrounding the implantation site and obviously decreased the rats' survival rate. The gas was observed to swell the surrounding implantation site by filling the loose compartments and then dispersing subcutaneously to other areas.ConclusionThe rat's whole body capacity was unable to tolerate the rapid and persistent hydrogen gas cavity formation as shown by high postimplantation mortality.

Biodegradable Metallic Wires in Dental and Orthopedic Applications: A Review

“…Based on Equation (2), 1 g of pure Mg could produce 1 liter (L) of H 2 gas [41]. Rely on previous in vivo experiments, some of this gas is soluble in the blood.…”

“…Some animal studies have shown that it might be dangerous [43]. In 2016, Noviana et al [41] investigated the effect of H 2 evolution from porous pure-magnesium implants on the mortality of adult rats. They reported that the cavity formation was not tolerable for all the rats and the survival rate at Day 18 post-implantation reached zero percent (see Figure 2).…”

“…Owing to the lower Young's modulus and strength of these fibers than those of the cement matrix, they are not successful enough as a reinforcement element for the strengthening of CPC. The bending strength of [40][41][42][43][44][45] MPa is the best mechanical properties have been reported for FRCPC achieved by PLGA fibers up to now. Furthermore, in physiological environment, fast degradation rate of PLGA fibers results in the concern of mechanical stability only after 3-4 weeks [143].…”

In vitro and in vivo studies on as-extruded Mg- 5.25wt.%Zn-0.6wt.%Ca alloy as biodegradable metal

“…A small amount of hydrogen gas release is tolerable because the gap between tissues and implants can be refilled with cells afterwards [20]. However, excessive hydrogen evolution in vivo reduced the survival rate of rats with magnesium implants [37]. In the present study, the gas can be quickly exchanged with the surrounding tissue [38] and vanishes without a special treatment.…”

Comparison study of different coatings on degradation performance and cell response of Mg-Sr alloy

“…However, the rapid corrosion has limited their clinical applications. Some problems such as osteolysis, early fast mechanical loss, hydric bubble aggregation, gap formation between the implant and the tissue were reported after degradation of magnesium-based implants [1][2][3].…”