The effect of heat treatment temperature and time on the microstructure and mechanical properties of PAN-based carbon fibers

Xiao, H.; Lu, Youming; Zhao, Weizhe; Qin, Xianying

doi:10.1007/s10853-013-7762-2

Cited by 40 publications

(27 citation statements)

References 39 publications

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“…All crystal dimensions asymptotically grow with the temperature. The interlayer spacing has a sharp decrease at about 2000 °C and further approach the minimum interlayer spacing of about 0.3415 nm for polyacrylonitrile‐carbon fibres .…”

Section: Process‐structure‐relations and Their Technical Potentialsmentioning

confidence: 82%

“…The commercially available high tensile‐carbon fibres can only be realised with polyacrylonitrile‐based precursors. The high tensile strength result from the amount of crosslinked covalent bonds in the lattice structure and therefore depends on the sp 3 carbon content and quaternary bonded nitrogen between different layers . Further, the tensile strength is influenced by the shear modulus of the graphite crystals determined by the entanglement and orientation of the crystals .…”

Section: Structure‐property‐relations Of Carbon Fibresmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Temperatures of 1400 °C and above result in graphitic fibres with less content of nitrogen or hydrogen . Because the highly graphitic carbon fibres is formed by the temperature increase, crystallite thickness size and orientation increases and the interlayer spacing between the single graphene planes are reduced . The enhanced crystal growth is different for the single crystallite dimensions.…”

Section: Process‐structure‐relations and Their Technical Potentialsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The crystal growth of the longitudinal crystal size and the overall crystal orientation can further be pronounced by applied stresses or dwell time . In contrast, the crystal thickness has an optimum for crystal growth vs. applied stretching and is less sensitive to crystal growth vs. time .…”

Section: Process‐structure‐relations and Their Technical Potentialsmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 3 more Smart Citations

Influence of processing parameters on the properties of carbon fibres – an overview

Jäger

Cherif

Kirsten

et al. 2016

Materialwissenschaft Werkst

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Several studies have shown the importance of carbon fibres (CF) for different high technology markets. In recent years, different fibre types with improved properties have been developed for those markets. Polyacrylonitrile (PAN) copolymers are the basic raw material (precursor) for these fibres in the predominant case. Improvements of the mechanical fibre properties have mainly been achieved by defect reduction during the manufacturing process. Thus, commercial carbon fibres with tensile strengths up to approx. 7000 MPa are currently available. It can be shown that the strengths can be further increased (in the direction of graphene properties) when the relationship between process conditions and defects due to manufacturing of the fibres is better understood. In this context, novel processes like electron beam crosslinking or UV‐activation have proven to be very promising. The article gives an overview about the current situation in the field of carbon fibres development and particularly shows recent shortcomings with respect to novel applications.

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Section: Process‐structure‐relations and Their Technical Potentialsmentioning

confidence: 82%

Section: Structure‐property‐relations Of Carbon Fibresmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Process‐structure‐relations and Their Technical Potentialsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Process‐structure‐relations and Their Technical Potentialsmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Influence of processing parameters on the properties of carbon fibres – an overview

Jäger

Cherif

Kirsten

et al. 2016

Materialwissenschaft Werkst

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…10,11 However, such HTT incurs high cost in mass production. Fortunately, it has been well established that doping boron can help graphitizable carbon obtain a high degree of graphitization under a lower graphitization temperature, 12,13 and it is likely to tailor the electronic properties of carbon bers by replacing some of the carbon atoms with boron at the trigonal sites.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Structural evolution of rayon-based carbon fibers induced by doping boron

et al. 2014

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In the present work, we provide a systematic analysis of the structural evolution of rayon-based carbon fibers (RCFs) induced by doping boron using scanning electron microscope (SEM), transmission electron microscope (TEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD) and Raman spectroscopy. For the first time, boron-doped RCFs with tunable amounts of boron were fabricated by exposing the RCFs to a vapor of boron by the decomposition of boron carbide (B 4 C). SEM and XRD results indicate that at the higher temperatures the strong erosion of boron vapor not only changed the original structure of RCFs, but also produced some flaws. Interestingly, when the temperature of doping boron is higher than 2200 C, the graphite basal planes of RCFs are perpendicular to the fiber axis. Raman spectra also confirmed the presence of disorders and flaws in graphitic layers because of the displacement and solid solution of boron in the carbon lattice. Further, the chemical environment of boron species was ascertained by 11 B nuclear magnetic resonance, indicating that boron atoms exist in three chemical environments, including the substitutional boron (BC 3 ), boron clusters and B 4 C. Moreover, the TGA data indicated that doping boron greatly improved the oxidation inhibition of RCFs, and is superior to increasing the heat treatment temperature for improving the oxidation resistance. Such a systematic analysis of the structural evolution and oxidation resistance of RCFs induced by doping boron thus provides industrial potential for preparing RCFs with higher oxidation resistance at up to 800 C.

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Effects of an itaconic acid comonomer on the structural evolution and thermal behaviors of polyacrylonitrile used for polyacrylonitrile‐based carbon fibers

Liu

et al. 2014

J of Applied Polymer Sci

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The influence of an acid comonomer on the structural evolution and thermal behaviors of a polyacrylonitrile (PAN) terpolymer containing about 4.19 wt % methyl methacrylate and 0.98 wt % itaconic acid (IA) during a heating treatment were studied by Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), and thermogravimetry (TG) and compared with the PAN homopolymer. From the results of FTIR spectroscopy and DSC, we found that the presence of the IA comonomer promoted cyclization reactions at a faster rate and broadened the exothermic peak; this eased the concentration of heat release. By comparing the results of the TG data, we found that the presence of the IA comonomer promoted dehydrogenation reactions and the formation of a large quantity of better ladder structures. In additional, the better ladder structures that formed were easier to convert from ladder structures into graphitelike structures. The activation energy of random scissions at about 300 C was calculated by the Kissinger method. The results show that the presence of the IA comonomer inhibited the random scission reactions to some extent.

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The effect of heat treatment temperature and time on the microstructure and mechanical properties of PAN-based carbon fibers

Cited by 40 publications

References 39 publications

Influence of processing parameters on the properties of carbon fibres – an overview

Influence of processing parameters on the properties of carbon fibres – an overview

Structural evolution of rayon-based carbon fibers induced by doping boron

Effects of an itaconic acid comonomer on the structural evolution and thermal behaviors of polyacrylonitrile used for polyacrylonitrile‐based carbon fibers

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