The effect of harvest date and inoculation on the yield, fermentation characteristics and feeding value of kale silage

Fraser, Malcolm; Winters, A. L.; Fychan, Aled; Davies, David R.; Jones, Rhys

doi:10.1046/j.1365-2494.2001.00262.x

Cited by 15 publications

(24 citation statements)

References 20 publications

(27 reference statements)

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“…Other additives have been targeted at improving the aerobic stability of grass and whole-crop silage, which can be poor even when fermentation quality is high (Merry et al 1997), and recently the ban on the use of animal protein in ruminant diets has renewed interest in ensilage of high protein alternative forages (Anil et al 2000;Wilkins and Jones 2000;Fraser et al 2001;Merry et al 2001).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Vacuum packing: a model system for laboratory-scale silage fermentations

et al. 2005

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Aims: To determine the utility of vacuum-packed polythene bags as a convenient, flexible and cost-effective alternative to fixed volume glass vessels for lab-scale silage studies. Methods and Results: Using perennial ryegrass or red clover forage, similar fermentations (as assessed by pH measurement) occurred in glass tube and vacuum-packed silos over a 35-day period. As vacuum-packing devices allow modification of initial packing density, the effect of four different settings (initial packing densities of 0AE397, 0AE435, 0AE492 and 0AE534 g cm )3 ) on the silage fermentation over 16 days was examined. Significant differences in pH decline and lactate accumulation were observed at different vacuum settings. Gas accumulation was apparent within all bags and changes in bag volume with time was observed to vary according to initial packing density. Conclusions: Vacuum-packed silos do provide a realistic model system for lab-scale silage fermentations. Significance and Impact of the Study: Use of vacuum-packed silos holds potential for lab-scale evaluations of silage fermentations, allowing higher throughput of samples, more consistent packing as well as the possibility of investigating the effects of different initial packing densities and use of different wrapping materials.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Vacuum packing: a model system for laboratory-scale silage fermentations

et al. 2005

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“…However, there is a relative wealth of published data on whole-crop cereals (wheat and barley in particular) prepared from monocultures, and a small amount of data on other bi-crop silages (e.g. Conversely, the low DM content of fresh kale means that the production of big bale silage is the best option (Fraser et al, 2001) because the plants are not chopped and, therefore, do not release the liquid fraction as readily. The NDF concentration in the Bi-crop silage was higher than that in the Grass silage (which was low, indicating the high nutritive value of the crop), but was lower than literature values for whole-crop barley (Song and Kennelly, 1989;Acosta et al, 1991;McCartney and Vaage, 1994) and wheat (Leaver and Hill, 1992;Phipps et al, 1995), indicating the contribution to the silage made by the kale, which tends to have a lower NDF concentration (Fraser et al, 2001).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…cereal/pea silages). Kale silage can have a high CP concentration of about 200 g kg )1 DM (Vipond et al, 1998;Fraser et al, 2001), although this is reduced to much lower levels with increasing crop maturity (Fraser et al, 2001) and is dependent on fertilizer application. However, other than a lower NDF concentration, the nutritional composition of the bi-crop silage was similar to that of fermented whole-crop cereal silages made from monocultures (Adamson and Reeve, 1992;Kristensen, 1992), with a high starch concentration and relatively low CP concentration.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, the crude protein (CP) concentration of fermented wholecrop cereal silages (barley, wheat, oats, triticale and maize) tends to be lower than that of well-preserved grass silage (Adamson and Reeve, 1992), and so wholecrop cereal silages are widely regarded as energy-rich forages that should be mixed with grass silage and possibly supplemented with a protein source. Kale (Brassica oleracea) is a crop with a relatively high CP concentration that can be ensiled successfully as big bales (Young et al, 1995), and is used efficiently by growing lambs (Fraser et al, 2001). Kale (Brassica oleracea) is a crop with a relatively high CP concentration that can be ensiled successfully as big bales (Young et al, 1995), and is used efficiently by growing lambs (Fraser et al, 2001).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Nutritive value of barley/kale bi‐crop silage for lactating dairy cows

Moorby

Evans

Young³

2003

Grass and Forage Science

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Six mid‐lactation multiparous Holstein–Friesian dairy cows were used to examine the potential of a fermented whole‐crop barley (Hordeum vulgare)/kale (Brassica oleracea) bi‐crop as a feed compared with a first‐cut perennial ryegrass silage. The barley/kale bi‐crop was grown as a strip intercrop, and was harvested and ensiled as an intimate mixture [0·80 barley and 0·20 kale on a dry‐matter (DM) basis]. Animals were offered ad libitum access to one of three experimental diets in a duplicated Latin Square design experiment: (i) Bi‐crop (the barley/kale bi‐crop); (ii) Grass (the grass silage); and (iii) Mix (a 1:1 fresh mixture of Bi‐crop and Grass). All animals also received a standard dairy concentrate at a rate of 4 kg d−1 in equal portions at each of two milkings. The Bi‐crop and Grass silages contained 346 and 293 g DM kg−1, 108 and 168 g crude protein kg−1 DM, 268 and 36 g starch kg−1 DM, and had pH values of 3·87 and 3·80 respectively. Animals offered the two bi‐crop silage‐containing diets consumed more forage DM than those offered grass silage (14·6, 14·9 and 12·6 kg DM d−1 for Bi‐crop, Mix and Grass respectively; s.e.d. 0·45, P < 0·01) and yielded more milk (24·0, 23·9, 22·6 kg d−1 for Bi‐crop, Mix and Grass respectively; s.e.d. 0·26, P < 0·01). However, differences in the partitioning of dietary nitrogen towards milk protein and away from excretion in urine suggest a more efficient (rumen) utilization of feed protein by animals offered diets containing the bi‐crop silage. It is concluded that, despite having a low crude protein concentration, barley/kale bi‐crop silage offers excellent potential as a feed for lactating dairy cows.

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“…Kale crops cultivated in other European countries such as France or England are exploited only like fodder in shepherding or after harvesting (Fraser et al 2001). However, in Galicia and northern Portugal, leaves are used both for animal and human consumption.…”

Section: Agronomic Traitsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The potential of kales as a promising vegetable crop

et al. 2007

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Sixty varieties of kale (Brassica oleracea acephala group) from Galicia (northwestern Spain) were evaluated in two locations along with four commercial kale varieties. Data on 26 agronomic and morphological traits and five nutritional traits (crude fibre, acid detergent fibre, crude protein, calcium and potassium) were recorded. The objectives of this work were (i) to know the potential ability of kale as an horticultural crop, (ii) to assess the characteristics of local varieties of Galician kale in order to select those with the highest yield and a good adaptation to obtain improved varieties. In most traits, significant differences between locations were found, while varieties · location interaction was not significant for most of them. Significant differences were found among varieties and a high intravarietal variability was noticed in some traits. Galician kale germplasm displayed variability in the most important agronomic traits. They are characterized by their long cycles, their susceptibility to Lepidoptera pests, their good yield and adaptation to Galician conditions and their high calcium content. Four local varieties (MBG-BRS0468, MBG-BRS0476, MBG-BRS0477 and MBG-BRS0494) were the most promising for vegetal and fodder use. One of them showed the best early vigor (MBG-BRS0366) and two of them were the most resistant to Lepidoptera pest (MBG-BRS0060 and MBG-BRS0223). Kale varieties showed a high crude fibre content, and also a high acid detergent fibre, crude protein and calcium content. The varieties MBG-BRS0106, MBG-BRS0281, MBG-BRS0335 and MBG-BRS0464 could be candidates for future breeding programs since they had a good agronomic performance and a high calcium content.

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The effect of harvest date and inoculation on the yield, fermentation characteristics and feeding value of kale silage

Cited by 15 publications

References 20 publications

Vacuum packing: a model system for laboratory-scale silage fermentations

Vacuum packing: a model system for laboratory-scale silage fermentations

Nutritive value of barley/kale bi‐crop silage for lactating dairy cows

The potential of kales as a promising vegetable crop

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