The Effect of Harmonics on the Operating Points of Electromechanical Relays

Horton, W.F.; Goldberg, Saul

doi:10.1109/tpas.1985.323470

Cited by 30 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 1 publication

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“…The low pass filter effect can be seen from the trip time characteristic. The shape of this curve agrees well with the test results found in [7], [11], [12], and [13]. Note the maximum error is 37% for this test.…”

Section: Relays Testedsupporting

confidence: 89%

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RMS measuring principles in the application of protective relaying and metering

Heavey¹,

Whitney²

2004

57th Annual Conference for Protective Relay Engineers, 2004

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There are a variety of protective relays using different measuring techniques to provide protection for equipment and lines. These include electro-mechanical, solid state, and numerical relay platforms. Within each group, various types of front-end filtering exists. Protection Engineers should understand how today's and yesterday's relays differ in their approach to protection so they can better provide protection for feeders and other equipment.

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Section: Relays Testedsupporting

confidence: 89%

“…The principle operation is that of a shaded pole motor [10], [11]. An aluminum disk is caused to rotate by the changing flux produced in the stator pole.…”

Section: Operating Principles Of Some Common Relaysmentioning

confidence: 99%

RMS measuring principles in the application of protective relaying and metering

Heavey¹,

Whitney²

2004

57th Annual Conference for Protective Relay Engineers, 2004

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“…Some works had been done in estimating the impact of frequency deviation on the performance of protection relays. These works showed that frequency deviation could lead to mal-trip for these types of relays (Fuller, Fuchs, & Roesler, 1988;Horton & Goldberg, 1985;Kasztenny & Rosolowski, 1998;Thiab, Ł, & Rasolomampionona, 2016).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Adaptive phasor estimation technique during off-nominal frequency for numerical relays

Thiab

Nogal

Kowalik

2018

Journal of Information and Telecommunication

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The use of digital multifunction protection relays and their proper integration on the power system and smart grid is an important element. However, the performance of digital relays depends on many factors and needs to be carefully evaluated. These factors may be caused by correct operations with less performance or completely incorrect operations. Frequency deviation is one of those factors which results from unbalanced demand load and generation levels. Load characteristics and generation control response to demand load changes will effect on amount and duration of frequency deviations. Frequency decreases when demand load is higher than generation, whereas it increases when load is less than generation. Protection relays are provided with frequency tracking to reduce the effects of frequency deviations on accuracy of relay decisions. In this paper, traditional frequency tracking technique used on protection relays is modified to give a better performance (less Total Vector Error, TVE) during offnominal frequency variations. The performance of the proposed algorithm is compared with traditional tracking using Least Square Error (LSQ), and Discrete Fourier transform (DFT) algorithm without any tracking, which are investigated in MATLAB environment. ARTICLE HISTORY

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“…This topic is notable when the decision-making process depends on the rate of waveform distortion. This distortion affects the operating point of relays and consequently the decision-making system [13]. In protective relays, most of the measurement units determine the peak value and the zero crossing of the voltage and current waveforms.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evaluation of Moving Average Window Technique as Low-pass Filter in Microprocessor-Based Protecting Relays

Khodabakhshi‐Javinani

Abyaneh

2017

Eng. Technol. Appl. Sci. Res.

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Over the last decades, with the increase in the use of harmonic source devices, the filtering process has received more attention than ever before. Digital relays operate according to accurate thresholds and precise setting values. In signal flow graphs of relays, the low-pass filter plays a crucial role in pre-filtering and purifying waveforms performance estimating techniques to estimate the expected impedances, currents, voltage etc. The main process is conducted in the CPU through methods such as Man and Morrison, Fourier, Walsh-based techniques, least-square methods etc. To purify waveforms polluted with low-order harmonics, it is necessary to design and embed cutting frequency in a narrow band which would be costly. In this article, a technique is presented which is able to eliminate specified harmonics, noise and DC offset, attenuate whole harmonic order and hand low-pass filtered signals to CPU. The proposed method is evaluated by eight case studies and compared with first and second order low-pass filter.

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The Effect of Harmonics on the Operating Points of Electromechanical Relays

Cited by 30 publications

References 1 publication

RMS measuring principles in the application of protective relaying and metering

RMS measuring principles in the application of protective relaying and metering

Adaptive phasor estimation technique during off-nominal frequency for numerical relays

Evaluation of Moving Average Window Technique as Low-pass Filter in Microprocessor-Based Protecting Relays

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