RMS measuring principles in the application of protective relaying and metering

Abstract

There are a variety of protective relays using different measuring techniques to provide protection for equipment and lines. These include electro-mechanical, solid state, and numerical relay platforms. Within each group, various types of front-end filtering exists. Protection Engineers should understand how today's and yesterday's relays differ in their approach to protection so they can better provide protection for feeders and other equipment.

Application of fourier method in energetics, for root-mean-square value and phase shift measurement

“…Therefore, the RMS value is widely used in the computer and electronics engineering fields for different purposes. The voltage or current RMS value represents the effective energy that is transferred to a load by a periodic source compared to the equivalent dc source [7]. Different methods have been reported for the precision measurement of the RMS value of an ac voltage, such as sampling [8], Monte Carlo [9], and the wavelet transform [10].…”

RMS Detector of Multiharmonic Signals

“…Root-mean-square (RMS) power detectors are used in telecommunication and measurement systems, for example, for transmitter power control, in multitone testing, and for electromagnetic interference (EMI) measurement [1]. Generally, RMS power detection is more useful than peak power detection because RMS power detection is a consistent and standard method for measuring and comparing dynamic signals independent of waveform shape [2]. Diverse methods and circuits have been developed to enable the precise measurement of the effective value of the processed signals, such as sampling [3], the Monte Carlo method [4], and the wavelet transform [5].…”

A New High Precision Power Detector of Complex Voltage Signals

“…Different methods have been reported for the precision measuring of the RMS value of an AC voltage, such as sampling [2], Monte Carlo [3] and the wavelet transform [4,5]. The implicit RMS converter described in [6][7][8][9] has been used for many years.…”