The Effect of Halothane on Bacterial Growth Rate

Wardley‐Smith, Bridget; Nunn, J. F.

doi:10.1093/bja/43.10.919

Cited by 20 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 12 publications

(14 reference statements)

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“…Previous research solely studied the effect of anesthetics on bacterial growth, as the association between the severity of bacterial infection and higher bacterial load is intuitively clear, and has been supported by the literature [3–5]. Most of the previous studies suggest that volatile anesthetics at clinically relevant concentrations do not affect bacterial growth as summarized in Table 1 [6–10]. In contrast, the effect of anesthetics on other bacterial behaviors including motility and biofilm formation has seldom been studied.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 94%

The Differential Effects of Anesthetics on Bacterial Behaviors

et al. 2017

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Volatile anesthetics have been in clinical use for a long period of time and are considered to be promiscuous by presumably interacting with several ion channels in the central nervous system to produce anesthesia. Because ion channels and their existing evolutionary analogues, ion transporters, are very important in various organisms, it is possible that volatile anesthetics may affect some bacteria. In this study, we hypothesized that volatile anesthetics could affect bacterial behaviors. We evaluated the impact of anesthetics on bacterial growth, motility (swimming and gliding) and biofilm formation of four common bacterial pathogens in vitro. We found that commonly used volatile anesthetics isoflurane and sevoflurane affected bacterial motility and biofilm formation without any effect on growth of the common bacterial pathogens studied here. Using available Escherichia coli gene deletion mutants of ion transporters and in silico molecular docking, we suggested that these altered behaviors might be at least partly via the interaction of volatile anesthetics with ion transporters.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 94%

The Differential Effects of Anesthetics on Bacterial Behaviors

et al. 2017

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“…Barry et al 5 in their experiments exposed the organisms to the anaesthetic vapours on the surface of blood agar, while Wardley-Smith et at. 6 assessed bacterial growth rate either on nutrient agar plate or in nutrient broth. The authors exposed the organisms to the anaesthetic vapours on the surface of blood agar.…”

Section: Individual Bacterial Resistance To Anaestheticsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The effect of volatile anaesthetics on bacterial growth

Mehta

Behr

Kenyon

1973

Canad. Anaesth. Soc. J.

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THERE HAS BEEN little investigation of the effect on bacterial growth of volatile anaesthetics in concentrations used in clinical anaesthesia. Waterhouse, 1 a Surgeon from Charing Cross Hospital, was the first person to mention the clinical results obtained by the use of di-ethyl ether in cases of various pyogenic infections. Topley 2 a Bacteriologist from the same hospital, showed that ether vapour exerts a definite bactericidal action on certain micro-organisms. John Bray 8 described a method of suppressing proteus and coliform bacteria on routine blood agar plates and came to the conclusion that ether vapour had a weak antiseptic ef [ect. Hunter et al. 4 used chloroform vapour as a preservative for culture media. Barry, Paiement and Dubeau 5 were the first to claim that halothane and methoxyflurane vapour in clinical concentrations had no antibacterial activity against Staphylococcus aureus and E. coll. More recently Wardley-Smith and Nunn 6 confirmed the findings of Barry et al. and showed that for certain species of non-pathogenic bacteria in broth, the effect on bacterial growth rate was negligible at clinical concentrations of halothane. On the other hand, Horton, Sussman and Mushin 7 exposed E. coli spread on cellulose acetate membranes to the vapours of volatile anaesthetic agents and showed that halothane, chloroform, trichloroethylene and methoxyflurane reduce the number of surviving organisms and that the reduction in survival was proportional to the concentration of the agent used.There are three main reasons why this knowledge of the effect of anaesthetics in clinical concentration on bacteria is useful. Firstly, it has clinical relevance to anaesthesia in patients with severe infection; secondly, it appeared likely that it might add to our scanty knowledge of the effect of anaesthetics at the molecular and cellular level and might reveal the possible mechanism of narcosis (WardleySmith et al. 19716 and White et al. 19708); and thirdly, it might throw light on the antibacterial action of anaesthetic vapours on organisms present on the surface of anaesthetic equipment, a factor which might be responsible for an incidence of post-operative pulmonary infection which is much lower than might be expected (Horton et al. ~ 1970). This paper describes studies of the effect of clinical concentrations of halothane, methoxyflurane and trichloroethylene on the growth of two species of bacteria grown on blood agar plates and cellulose acetate membranes.

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“…that halothane in the vapor state is mainly bacteristatic rather than bactericidal. Wardley-Smith and Nunn (17) reported that halothane at a vapor concentration of.7 to 8% reduced the growth rate of E. coli by 50%, whereas 60% (vol/vol) vapors of halothane completely inhibited growth of E. coli at 37 C.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Although anesthetics have been used extensively, their effects on bacteria, othet than on population size, have received scant attention. When used in the vapor state at low concentrations, halothane can inhibit growth of numerous bacteria including Salmonella typhimurium, Bacillus licheniformis, Staphylococcus albus, Escherichia coli, Micrococcus lysodeikticus, Corynebacterium sp., Brucella melitensis, and ea hemolytic streptococci (3,7,11,17). Halothane is usually bactericidal to microorganisms I Present address: Department of Microbiology, University of The Orange Free State, Bloemfontein 9300, South Africa. when used in a liquid state or in a vapor state at high concentrations (1, 17; S. L. Hegeman, Ph.D. thesis, Univ.…”

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Comparative Effects of Anesthetics on the Viability and Integrity of Escherichia coli ML30

Prior¹,

Fennema²,

Marth³

1975

Applied Microbiology

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Cells of Escherichia coli ML30 in a mineral salts medium were exposed to dichlorodifluoromethane (f-12), cyclopropane, halothane, or Ethrane at concentrations of 1.25, 0.2, 0.04, and 0.008x saturation for times up to 1,200 min, and at temperatures in the range of 2 to 37 C. When any of these anesthetics were applied for 300 min at 1.25x saturation, a substantial decrease in number of survivors occurred. Halothane was most bactericidal, cyclopropane and Ethrane were moderately bactericidal, and t-12 was least bactericidal. At saturation values of less than 1.0, none of the four anesthetics had an appreciable effect on viability of E. coli. Greatest increases in cell permeability occurred when anesthetics were used at saturation values of 1.25, and permeability changes generally decreased as the concentrations of the chemicals were reduced. In many instances, anesthetics in the vapor state caused significant increases in cell permeability but little or no loss of viability. This indicated that a close relationship did not exist between loss of viability and increased permeability. All four anesthetics caused E. coli to lose substantial and similar amounts of compounds absorbing at 260 nm. Release of compounds absorbing at 260 nm generally increased as the saturation value of a given chemical was increased. Halothane, Ethrane, and cyclopropane but not f-12 caused lysis of E. coli ML30. Considering all results, E. coli ML30 was damaged more by halothane or cyclopropane than by f-12 or Ethrane. When f-12 was applied at a saturation value of 1.25, the bactericidal effect on E. coli was much greater at 37 or 22 C than at 12 or 2 C.

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The Effect of Halothane on Bacterial Growth Rate

Cited by 20 publications

References 12 publications

The Differential Effects of Anesthetics on Bacterial Behaviors

The Differential Effects of Anesthetics on Bacterial Behaviors

The effect of volatile anaesthetics on bacterial growth

Comparative Effects of Anesthetics on the Viability and Integrity of Escherichia coli ML30

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