The effect of growth retardants on anthocyanin production in carrot cell suspension cultures

Abstract

The effect of growth retardants on anthocyanin production was studied in wild carrot (Daucus carota) cell suspension cultures. Paclobutrazol [(2RS,3RS) - 1 - (4-chlorophenyl) - 4,4 -dimethyl-2-(1,2,4-triazol-1-yl) pentan-3-ol], uniconazole [(E)-1-(4-chlorophenyl-4,4 -) dimethyl-2-(1,2,4-triazol-1-yl)-1-penten-3-ol], tetcyclacis [5-(4-chloro-phenyl) -3,4,5,9,10-pentaaza-tetracyclo-5, 4, 10(2,6), O(8,11) - dodeca-3, 9-diene], ancymidol [α-cyclopropyl - 4 - methoxy-α(pyrimidine-5-yl)benzyl alcohol] and CCC (2-chloro-ethyltrimethylammonium chloride) increased anthocyanin accumulation. AMO-1618 [(2-isopropyl-5-methyl-4-trimethyl-ammonium-chloride)-phenyl-1-piperidinium carboxylate] did not increase anthocyanin accumulation in the first passage but did increase it during the second passage on medium for improved anthocyanin accumulation. Prohexadione (3,5-dioxo-4-propionylcyclohexane carboxylic acid) decreased anthocyanin accumulation by 10%-12.5%.The inhibitory effect of gibberellin on anthocyanin accumulation was reversed by paclobutrazol. Paclobutrazol together with 10(-6)M GA3 increased anthocyanin level from 33% of control in GA3 treated cell suspension to 76%. These results are consistent growth retardants increasing anthocyanin accumulation in carrot cell suspension cultures by inhibiting gibberellin biosynthesis.

Gibberellins, jasmonate and abscisic acid modulate the sucrose‐induced expression of anthocyanin biosynthetic genes in Arabidopsis

“…The published evidence on the effects of ABA, auxin (2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid, 2,4D), and cytokinins is contradictory (Table 1), although these results can be explained by taking into account the different plant species/organs studied. Most of these studies, however, do not analyse the effects of plant hormones in terms Moalem-Beno et al, 1997); Periwinkle flowers (Ohlsson & Berglund, 2001); Hyacinthus sepals (Hosokawa, 1999) Strawberry fruit (Martinez et al, 1996); Maize leaves (Kim et al, 2006); Carrot cell cultures (Ilan & Dougall, 1992; Low phosphate grown Arabidopsis (Jiang et al, 2007) Cytokinins Maize seedlings (Piazza et al, 2002); Arabidopsis seedlings (Deikman & Hammer, 1995;Laxmi et al, 2006); Strawberry cell cultures (Mori et al, 1994) Maize leaves (Kim et al, 2006); Arabidopsis seedlings (Wade et al, 2003) Ethylene Maize leaves (Kim et al, 2006); Grape berry skin (El-Kereamy et al, 2003) 2,4D (2,4dichlorophenoxyacetic acid)…”

Anthocyanins and Human Health: An In Vitro Investigative Approach

“…Callus and cell suspension cultures from a wide and diverse range of plant genera have been cultivated to produce anthocyanin pigments in vitro [48, 49, 50, 51, 52, 53, 54, 55, 56]. In most of these past reports, the overall goal of the plant cell culture production system was to explore an alternative resource for natural plant pigments, for possible use as food colorants.…”

Growth retardants stimulate guggulsterone production in the presence of fungal elicitor in fed-batch cultures of Commiphora wightii

“…The physiological basis of growth retardation by chlormequat chloride involves its inhibitory effect on gibberellin biosynthesis. The growth retardants paclobutrazol and CCC have been found to affect anthocyanin production in cell suspension cultures of Daucus carota (Ilan and Dougall 1992). Since the mevalonate biosynthetic pathway is involved in the synthesis of guggulsterones, inhibiting the synthesis of some metabolites may have resulted in the enhanced accumulation of guggulsterones.…”