The Effect of Gromwell (<i>Lithospermum erythrorhizon</i>) Extract on the Stratum Corneum Hydration and Ceramides Content in Atopic Dermatitis Patients

Cho, Hee Ryung; Cho, Yunhi; Kim, Ju Young; Seo, Dae Bang; Kim, Sung-Han; Lee, Sang Jun; Kim, Nack In

doi:10.5021/ad.2008.20.2.56

Cited by 7 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 51 publications

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“…This herb is well known for the treatment of abnormal skin conditions such as wounds, inflammation, and burns. Dextrose capsule with 1.5 g of root extract improved stratum corneum hydration in parallel with increased ceramides in the outermost layer of epidermis ( 92 ). The primary active compounds isolated from root of the plant are Shikonin and derivatives, which are extensively studied primarily because of their remarkable antitumor and anti-inflammatory activities ( 93 ).…”

Section: Medicinal Plants Exhibiting Immunomodulation Activitymentioning

confidence: 99%

Medicinal Plants and Isolated Molecules Demonstrating Immunomodulation Activity as Potential Alternative Therapies for Viral Diseases Including COVID-19

et al. 2021

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Plants have been extensively studied since ancient times and numerous important chemical constituents with tremendous therapeutic potential are identified. Attacks of microorganisms including viruses and bacteria can be counteracted with an efficient immune system and therefore, stimulation of body’s defense mechanism against infections has been proven to be an effective approach. Polysaccharides, terpenoids, flavonoids, alkaloids, glycosides, and lactones are the important phytochemicals, reported to be primarily responsible for immunomodulation activity of the plants. These phytochemicals may act as lead molecules for the development of safe and effective immunomodulators as potential remedies for the prevention and cure of viral diseases. Natural products are known to primarily modulate the immune system in nonspecific ways. A number of plant-based principles have been identified and isolated with potential immunomodulation activity which justify their use in traditional folklore medicine and can form the basis of further specified research. The aim of the current review is to describe and highlight the immunomodulation potential of certain plants along with their bioactive chemical constituents. Relevant literatures of recent years were searched from commonly employed scientific databases on the basis of their ethnopharmacological use. Most of the plants displaying considerable immunomodulation activity are summarized along with their possible mechanisms. These discussions shall hopefully elicit the attention of researchers and encourage further studies on these plant-based immunomodulation products as potential therapy for the management of infectious diseases, including viral ones such as COVID-19.

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Section: Medicinal Plants Exhibiting Immunomodulation Activitymentioning

confidence: 99%

Medicinal Plants and Isolated Molecules Demonstrating Immunomodulation Activity as Potential Alternative Therapies for Viral Diseases Including COVID-19

et al. 2021

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“…3 Additionally, GO can increase the level of ceramide in the epidermis, which promotes skin hydration and prevents the loss of skin moisture, thereby maintaining the structural integrity of the epidermal barrier. 2 This may be an important mechanism of GO in effectively improving the skin condition in TEN patients.…”

mentioning

confidence: 98%

“…treatment of various abnormal skin conditions. [2][3][4] Gromwell has antibacterial, anti-inflammatory, antiviral, antioxidative, and immunomodulatory effects 5 ; thus, it may benefit TEN patients. Here, we report a woman with dermatomyositis (DM) and TEN who was effectively treated with gromwell oil (GO).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Effectiveness of gromwell ( Lithospermum erythrorhizon ) oil in the treatment of toxic epidermal necrolysis in a patient with dermatomyositis

Liang

Wang

2020

Dermatologic Therapy

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Toxic epidermal necrolysis (TEN), a delayed-type hypersensitivity reaction, is the most severe form of severe cutaneous adverse reactions. 1 Patients with TEN often have skin infections covering large areas of exposed skin. Although causative drug withdrawal and supportive care can halt disease progression, how to promote the early recovery of skin lesions is still a challenge in clinical care. Gromwell (Lithospermum erythrorhizon), known as zicao in China, is used for the F I G U R E 1 A, Rash, myalgia, extensive fissures and hardened membrane in admission; B, exposure therapy and using gromwell oil soak sterile gauze covered the whole body; C, 40 days after treatment; D, discharge day

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“…As employed the average of daily food intake and body weight of group LE in the 10-week feeding period (i.e., 0.93 g/30 g), the human equivalent dose (HED) of 1% LE extracts is interpreted to 1.5 g/60 kg (body weight) based on the body surface area normalization method. 27 This interpretation of HED, along with our previous human report, 28 in which AD patients received 1.5 g of the 70% ethanol extracts of LE for 10 weeks with no significant abnormalities in anthropometric and blood analyses, and in which hepatotoxicity parameters of serum bilirubin, alanine aminotransferase, and aspartate aminotransferase 29 were associated with the clinical improvement of AD, indicates that 1% LE in diet was an adequate dose with long-term safety for skin efficacy in this animal study.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Gromwell (Lithospermum erythrorhizon) Supplementation Enhances Epidermal Levels of Ceramides, Glucosylceramides, β-Glucocerebrosidase, and Acidic Sphingomyelinase in NC/Nga Mice

Kim

Cho

2013

Journal of Medicinal Food

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We have previously reported that dietary gromwell (Lithospermum erythrorhizon; LE) prevents the development of atopic dermatitis (AD) with increased epidermal levels of total ceramide (Cer), the major lipid maintaining epidermal barrier. In this study, we investigated whether the increased level of total Cer induced by dietary LE would be related to the altered metabolism of glucosylceramide (GlcCer) and sphingomyelin (SM), two major precursor lipids in Cer generation. NC/Nga mice, an animal model of AD, were fed a control diet (group CA: atopic control) or a diet with 70% ethanol LE extracts (1% in diet; group LE) for 10 weeks. Individual species of Cer, GlcCer, and SM were analyzed by highperformance thin layer chromatography. In the epidermis of group CA, total Cer (including Cer2 and Cer5-7) and total GlcCer (including GlcCer-B/C/D) were significantly reduced; these levels in group LE were increased to levels similar to the normal control group of BALB/c mice (group C). In addition, protein expressions and activities of b-glucocerebrosidase (b-GlcCer'ase) and acidic sphingomyelinase (aSMase), enzymes for GlcCer or SM hydrolysis, respectively, were increased in group LE. However, alterations of Cer1, Cer3/4, GlcCer-A, and all SM species (including SM1-3) were not significant among groups C, CA, and LE. Dietary gromwell increases GlcCer-B/C/D, and further enhances the generation of Cer2 and Cer5-7 with high protein expressions and activities of b-GlcCer'ase and aSMase.

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The Effect of Gromwell (Lithospermum erythrorhizon) Extract on the Stratum Corneum Hydration and Ceramides Content in Atopic Dermatitis Patients

Cited by 7 publications

References 51 publications

Medicinal Plants and Isolated Molecules Demonstrating Immunomodulation Activity as Potential Alternative Therapies for Viral Diseases Including COVID-19

Medicinal Plants and Isolated Molecules Demonstrating Immunomodulation Activity as Potential Alternative Therapies for Viral Diseases Including COVID-19

Effectiveness of gromwell ( Lithospermum erythrorhizon ) oil in the treatment of toxic epidermal necrolysis in a patient with dermatomyositis

Gromwell (Lithospermum erythrorhizon) Supplementation Enhances Epidermal Levels of Ceramides, Glucosylceramides, β-Glucocerebrosidase, and Acidic Sphingomyelinase in NC/Nga Mice

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