The Effect of Green Coffee Bean Extract on Cardiovascular Risk Factors: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis

Dietary Supplements Containing Oat Beta-Glucan and/or Green Coffee (Poly)phenols Showed Limited Effect in Modulating Cardiometabolic Risk Biomarkers in Overweight/Obese Patients without a Lifestyle Intervention

“…As mentioned, the status of the volunteers at baseline pointed to an a priori healthy condition, since apart from overweight/obesity, they were normotensive, with normal fasting blood glucose and only marginally elevated TC levels. As highlighted in different systematic reviews and meta-analyses, more positive results with foods or supplements containing BG [19][20][21][22] or hydroxycinnamic acids [57,59] are observed in subjects with poorer basal conditions (individuals with higher TC, blood pressure or fasting glucose levels). However, the main limitation of the present study was the fact that the study was underpowered.…”

“…Furthermore, Pourmasoumi et al [59], in a recent systematic review and meta-analysis of 15 (n = 637) clinical trials that examined the effect of green coffee bean extracts on cardiometabolic risk factors, found that the regular intake of green coffee polyphenols significantly reduced the levels of fasting plasma glucose along with other cardiovascular biomarkers, such as SBP, DBP, TC and BMI. Subgroup analysis suggested more effective results with doses over 400 mg/day for more than 60 days of regular intake [59]. This is in contrast to the results reported here, as the consumption of 600 mg/day of green coffee polyphenols for 56 days (8 weeks) did not induce changes in any biomarkers related to glucose homeostasis.…”

“…Importantly, as with BG [21], different authors have highlighted that the health status of volunteers might be a potential modifier, as individuals with higher baseline cholesterol, blood pressure, glucose levels or insulin resistance showed greater improvements after treatment with foods or supplements containing hydroxycinnamic acids [57][58][59]. Participants in the present study had only marginally high TC levels (<207 mg/dL, Table 2), were normotensive (Table 3) and had normal fasting blood glucose concentrations at baseline (93.7-95.6 mg/dL, Table 4).…”

“…Similarly, positive effects of oat BG on reducing glucose iAUC and iPeak occurred with high-molecular-weight (>300 kg/mol) but not with <300 kg/mol BG [56]. The doses of BG (5 g/d) and GCP (600 mg/d) were selected according to EFSA scientific opinions substantiating the health effects of BG [18,23,24] and previous results with hydroxycinnamate-rich green coffee [33,37,38,59], and the duration of the intervention (8 weeks with each supplement) can also be considered sufficient in light of the existing evidence from studies of similar or even shorter duration [19][20][21][22]34,50,52,53,55,58,60], although longer-term studies are always advisable. As mentioned, the status of the volunteers at baseline pointed to an a priori healthy condition, since apart from overweight/obesity, they were normotensive, with normal fasting blood glucose and only marginally elevated TC levels.…”

Impact of Chlorogenic Acid on Peripheral Blood Mononuclear Cell Proliferation, Oxidative Stress, and Inflammatory Responses in Racehorses during Exercise

“…Another study conducted on human peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMSs) proved that CGA can reduce the production of IL-1b, IL-6, TNFa, and IFNg at 86%, 90%, 84%, and 95%, respectively, at 200 mg/mL dose while levels of MCP-1, MIP-1a, and MIP-1b were decreased by 99%, 77%, and 91%, respectively [16]. Worth mentioning is that CGA is not only safe for the liver and plasma [6] but systematic consumption also leads to lower fasting plasma glucose by reducing its absorption of glycosylated hemoglobin and insulin levels by up to 6.9% [31][32][33][34][35].…”