The Effect of Glucose on the Development of Respiration by Anaerobically Grown Yeast

Abstract

Yeast cells grown ailaerobically on glucose suppleillented with yeast extract, hydrolyzed casein, and oleic acid developed a respiratory capacity on exposure to air. 'The time course of development of respiration was characteristic with an abrupt onset of oxygen consumption. The magnitude of the uptake of oqrgen and the kinetics of its onset were determined by the concentration of glucose to which the yeast was exposed during growth and by the relative amounts of glucose and yeast present during the time of adaptation. A source of amino acids was necessary during the time of adaptatioil for the consistent development of respiration. Under the growth conditions used, adaptive developlllent of respiration occurred 111ost efficieiltly when the cells were harvested immediately prior to the onset of the stationary phase. C>'tochrome oxidase was virtually absent fro111 the anaerobically grown cells. The liinetics of its adaptive formation were not the same a s those for the development of respiration. Cytochrome oxidase appearecl before respiratioil became appreciable. ii'hen these anaerobically grown >,east cells were added to the adaptation n~ediuill there was a burst of gas output. 'The identity of the gas is un1;nown but it is likely to be COs, HZS, or Hs. 'I'he role of glucose and other factors in the adaptive development of respiration in yeast is discussecl.

The influence of conditions of growth on the endogenous metabolism ofSaccharomyces cerevisiae: Effect on respiratory activity

“…In addition, anaerobic growth on a glucose carbon source, results in the lack of an integrated respiratory chain (Criddle and Schatz, 1969), but Tustanoff and Bartley (1964a) have shown that yeast cells grown anaerobically on gal.actose in a medium supplemented with wheat-germ oil, Tween 80 and ergosterol, retain their ability to respire although the activity of cytochrome c oxidase in these cells was only one-third of that of aerobically grown cells. The repressive effect of glucose has been interpreted (Tustanoff and Bartley, 1964b) as a selective and direct effect on lipoprotein synthesis. The glucose-grown cells do however contain mitochondria-like particles (promitochondria) which possess DNA and oligomycin-sensitive adenosine triphosphatase and which resemble aerobic-yeast mitochondria with respect to their general morphology (Plattner and Schatz, 1969).…”

“…The process of respiratory adaptation of anaerobically grown yeast has been studied by a number of workers notably Slonimski (1952Slonimski ( , 1953, Hebb and Slebodnik (1958), Tustanoff and Bartley (1964b), Kovfi~ et al (1967) and Bartley and Tustanoff (1966). The results of these investigations, all of which included an exogenous carbon source in the adaptation medium, showed that the physiological age of the cells and the composition of the growth medium predetermine their ability to adapt.…”

Location and Activity of the Respiratory Enzymes of Baker's Yeast and Brewer's Bottom Yeast Grown under Anaerobic and Aerobic Conditions

“…or by enzymic methods (Duell, Inoue & Utter, 1964;Ohnishi, Kawaguchi & Hagihara, 1966). It is found that yeast grown anaerobically on glucose loses its capacity for oxidation (Tustanoff & Bartley, 1962). In the presence of oxygen and at a low glucose concentration respiration again takes place.…”

Studies on the Regulation and Localization of the Glyoxylate Cycle Enzymes in Saccharomyces cerevisiae

“…Different stages in the formation of new mitochondria can be observed under the electron microscope after transfer of anaerobically grown cells to aerobic growth conditions [25,28]. At the same time, respiratory activity and mitochondrial enzymes begin to appear [19,27]. I n addition to this regulation, a strong influence of the carbon source on the number of yeast mitochondria has been observed [3,26,28].…”