The effect of Ganoderma lucidum extract on immunological function and identify its anti-tumor immunostimulatory activity based on the biological network

Abstract

Ganoderma lucidum extract (GLE) has shown positive effects for tumor treatment. However, the molecular mechanism of GLE treatment is unknown. In this study, a Hepa1-6-bearing C57 BL/6 mouse model was established to explore the anti-tumor and immunostimulatory activity of GLE treatment. The results showed that GLE effectively inhibited tumor growth without hepatic/renal toxicity and bone marrow suppression, and might enhancing immunological function. Based on the mRNA profiles of GLE treated and untreated mice, 302 differentially expressed (DE) mRNAs were identified and 6 kernel mRNAs were identified from the established protein-protein interaction (PPI) network. Quantitative RT-PCR and western-blot analysis indicated that 6 mRNAs have had statistically significant differences between the GLE treated and untreated mice. Furthermore, four kernel pathways were isolated from the KEGG-Target network, including the Jak-STAT signaling pathway, T cell receptor signaling pathway, PI3K-Akt signaling pathway, and cytokine-cytokine receptor interaction. Western-blot and cytokine detection results demonstrated that GLE suppressed growth and proliferation of tumors by the Jak-STAT signaling pathway, T cell receptor signaling pathway and PI3K-Akt signaling pathway, but also regulated the expression levels of serum immune cytokines and improved the anti-tumor immunostimulatory activity.

Ionic liquid exfoliated Ti3C2Tx MXene nanosheets for photoacoustic imaging and synergistic photothermal/chemotherapy of cancer

“…5i shows that the liver function indexes (including aspartate aminotransferase and alanine aminotransferase) and renal function indexes (urea nitrogen and creatinine) are within the normal range, and there is no liver or kidney damage. 56 The results fully confirmed that IL-Ti 3 C 2 T x MXene nanosheets have no obvious systemic side effects and have good biological safety.…”

Antimetastatic Effects of Ganoderma lucidum Polysaccharide Peptide on B16-F10-luc-G5 Melanoma Mice With Sleep Fragmentation

“…Meanwhile, we showed that the serum TNF-α level increased in tumor-bearing mice subjected to SF; after the administration of GL-pp, the serum TNF-α level decreased. Some studies found that TNF-α was increased by the Ganoderma lucidum extract complex in the tumor-bearing mice serum ( Zhao et al, 2018b ); polysaccharides from fresh fruiting bodies of Ganoderma lucidum were also able to greatly increase the TNF-α level in macrophage culture cells ( Wang et al, 1997 ). Interestingly, other studies found that triterpene ganoderic acid C1 isolated from Ganoderma lucidum downregulated TNF-α production by macrophages and peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) from Crohn’s disease subjects ( Liu et al, 2015 ).…”

Identification of latent biomarkers in connection with progression and prognosis in oral cancer by comprehensive bioinformatics analysis

“…PI3K/Akt signaling pathway promotes the growth and invasion of gastric cancer cells by preventing apoptosis [ 25 ]. Ganoderma lucidum extract regulates cytokines and stimulates anti-tumor immunostimulatory activity through cytokine–cytokine receptor interaction [ 26 ]. Nod-like receptor signaling molecules promote glioma angiogenesis by acting on downstream targets such as IL-1 and caspase-1 [ 27 ].…”