The effect of Ganoderma lucidum spore oil in early skin wound healing: interactions of skin microbiota and inflammation

Abstract

The mushroom Ganoderma lucidum (G. lucidum Leyss. ex Fr.) Karst has been a traditional Chinese medicine for millennia. In this study, we isolated the Ganoderma lucidum spore oil (GLSO) and evaluated the effect of GLSO on skin burn wound healing and the underlying mechanisms. Mice were used to perform skin wound healing assay. Wound analysis was performed by photography, hematoxylin/eosin staining, Masson’s Trichrome staining and immunohistochemical analysis. Microbiota on the wounds were analyzed using the 16s rRNA sequence and quantitative statistics. The lipopolysaccharide (LPS) content was examined in skin wounds and serum using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). The expression of Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) and the relative levels of inflammatory cytokines were determined by qPCR and immunofluorescence assay. A pseudo-germfree mouse model treated with antibiotics was used to investigate whether GLSO accelerated skin burn wound healing through the skin microbiota. We found that GLSO significantly accelerated the process of skin wound healing and regulated the levels of gram-negative and gram-positive bacteria. Furthermore, GLSO reduced LPS and TLR4, and levels of some other related inflammatory cytokines. The assay with the pseudo-germfree mice model showed that GLSO had a significant acceleration on skin wound healing in comparison with antibiotic treatment. Thus, GLSO downregulated the inflammation by regulating skin microbiota to accelerate skin wound healing. These findings provide a scientific rationale for the potential therapeutic use of GLSO in skin burn injury.

Poloxamer 407 and Hyaluronic Acid Thermosensitive Hydrogel-Encapsulated Ginsenoside Rg3 to Promote Skin Wound Healing

“…Indeed, Escherichia / Shigella or Veillonella are found to be more prominent in the stools of patients with AD ( Łoś-Rycharska et al, 2021 ). We observed a recovery in the level of Lactobacillus of skin microbiomes compared to the Control group mice skin, which showed that Rg3 hydrogel could regulate the skin microbiota at the genus level, similar to the findings of a previous study of diabetic skin ( Jiao et al, 2020 ). Sphingomonas , a member of the phylum Proteobacteria , is an abundant genus that is identified on allergic skin.…”

Reversal of alopecia areata, osteoporosis follow treatment with activation of Tgr5 in mice

“…After dehydration in a graded ethanol series, sections were placed in xylene, then mounted and examined by light microscopy [ 30 ]. The percentage area of collagen deposition was calculated on the Image-pro Plus 6.0 (Media Cybernetics, Maryland, U.S.A.) by counting the number of clearly stained pixels and comparing it with the total number of pixels [ 31 ]. The H&E‐stained, Masson-stained, and Toluidine blue staining slides were observed using a digital slide scanner (NanoZoomer Digital Pathology, Japan).…”

Comparative transcriptome analysis of genes and metabolic pathways involved in sporulation in Ganoderma lingzhi

“…Ganoderma spores are the germ cells ejected from Ganoderma gills and have high exploitable potential as the polysaccharide and oil extracted from the sporoderm-broken spores have been shown to be effective for the treatments of multiple diseases ( Su et al 2018 ; Jiao et al 2020a , 2020b ; Sang et al 2021 ). However, few attentions have been paid to the basic biology of GLS.…”