The effect of fuel sulfur on NH3 and other emissions from 2000–2001 model year vehicles

Durbin, Thomas D.; Pisano, John T.; Younglove, Theodore; Sauer, Claudia G.; Rhee, Sam H.; Huai, Tao; Miller, John W.; Mackay, G. I.; Hochhauser, Albert M.; Ingham, Michael C.; Gorse, Robert A.; Beard, Loren K.; Dicicco, Dominic; Thompson, Neville; Stradling, Richard; Rutherford, James A.; Uihlein, James P.

doi:10.1016/j.atmosenv.2004.02.009

Cited by 43 publications

(20 citation statements)

References 18 publications

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“…when all ammonia emission is attributed to light-duty gasoline vehicles. Reported on-road or dynamometer-based NH 3 emission factors for motor vehicles in other countries ranged 88.8-503.2 mg L −1 (Moeckli et al 1996, Fraser and Cass 1998, Kean et al 2000, Baum et al 2001, Durbin et al 2002, 2004, Huai et al 2003, Burgard et al 2006, less than 1/5 of that determined in this study. Recently, Carslaw and Rhys-Tyler (2013) reported an NH 3 emission factor 0.48 g L −1 for Euro IV passenger cars in London, and Sun et al (2014) observed an average on-road NH 3 emission factor 0.36 ± 0.04 g L −1 in California.…”

Section: Emission Factorscontrasting

confidence: 64%

“…The higher gasoline sulfur levels in China may impact the NH 3 emission. As observed by Durbin et al (2004), NH 3 emission rates were approximately five times higher over the more aggressive US06 test cycle compared to the federal test procedure (FTP) cycle, and sulfur did not affect NH 3 emissions over the FTP, but higher NH 3 emissions were found for increasing fuel sulfur levels over the US06. Malfunctioning three-way-catalysts might be a major factor causing higher ammonia emissions.…”

Section: Emission Factorsmentioning

confidence: 75%

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Emission factor of ammonia (NH ₃ ) from on-road vehicles in China: tunnel tests in urban Guangzhou

Liu

Wang

et al. 2014

Environ. Res. Lett.

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Ammonia (NH 3 ) is the primary alkaline gas in the atmosphere that contributes to formation of secondary particles. Emission of NH 3 from vehicles, particularly gasoline powered light duty vehicles equipped with three-way catalysts, is regarded as an important source apart from emissions from animal wastes and soils, yet measured emission factors for motor vehicles are still not available in China, where traffic-related emission has become an increasingly important source of air pollutants in urban areas. Here we present our tunnel tests for NH 3 from motor vehicles under 'real world conditions' in an urban roadway tunnel in Guangzhou, a central city in the Pearl River Delta (PRD) region in south China. By attributing all NH 3 emissions in the tunnel to light-duty gasoline vehicles, we obtained a fuel-based emission rate of 2.92 ± 0.18 g L −1 and a mileage-based emission factor of 229.5 ± 14.1 mg km −1 . These emission factors were much higher than those measured in the United States while measured NO x emission factors (7.17 ± 0.60 g L −1 or 0.56 ± 0.05 g km −1 ) were contrastingly near or lower than those previously estimated by MOBILE/PART5 or COPERT IV models. Based on the NH 3 emission factors from this study, on-road vehicles accounted for 8.1% of NH 3 emissions in the PRD region in 2006 instead of 2.5% as estimated in a previous study using emission factors taken from the Emission Inventory Improvement Program (EIIP) in the United States.

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Section: Emission Factorscontrasting

confidence: 64%

Section: Emission Factorsmentioning

confidence: 75%

Emission factor of ammonia (NH ₃ ) from on-road vehicles in China: tunnel tests in urban Guangzhou

Liu

Wang

et al. 2014

Environ. Res. Lett.

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“…Some of the problems encountered are due to extra weight associated with the need for an additional urea storage tank and injection system, which is complex, costly and may affect driving performance negatively, and the risk of creating an NH 3 slip [2,4,11]. Ammonia emissions are undesirable since NH 3 is a toxic air pollutant and is known to contribute to the production of secondary particulate matter [12,13].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 98%

Ammonia formation over supported platinum and palladium catalysts

Adams

Skoglundh

Folić

et al. 2015

Applied Catalysis B: Environmental

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a b s t r a c tWe report experimental results for the formation of ammonia from nitric oxide and hydrogen, and from nitric oxide, water and carbon monoxide over silica, alumina and titania supported platinum and palladium catalysts. Temperature programmed reaction experiments in gas flow reactor show a considerable formation of ammonia in the temperature range 200-450 • C, which is suppressed by the presence of excess oxygen. However, oxygen sweep experiments show that for the titania supported catalysts minor amounts of oxygen promotes the ammonia formation at low temperatures. In situ DRIFT spectroscopy measurements indicate that cyanate species on the support play an important role in the ammonia formation mechanism. This work shows that alumina supported palladium is a promising system for passive selective catalytic reduction applications, exhibiting low-temperature activity during the water-gas-shift assisted ammonia formation reaction. Conversely, titania supported samples are less active for ammonia formation as a result of the poor thermal stability of the titania support.

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“…13 An explanation of powerenrichment fuel trim strategies, why they were determined experimentally, and why they are important is provided below. The modified cycle used is shown in Figure 3.…”

Section: CMmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of Mid-Level Ethanol Blends on Conventional Vehicle Emissions

Knoll¹,

West²,

Huff³

et al. 2009

SAE Technical Paper Series

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Tests were conducted during 2008 on 16 late-model, conventional vehicles (1999 through 2007) to determine short-term effects of mid-level ethanol blends on performance and emissions. Vehicle odometer readings ranged from 10,000 to 100,000 miles, and all vehicles conformed to federal emissions requirements for their federal certification level. The LA92 drive cycle, also known as the Unified Cycle, was used for testing as it was considered to more accurately represent real-world acceleration rates and speeds than the Federal Test Procedure (FTP) used for emissions certification testing. Test fuels were splash-blends of up to 20 volume percent ethanol with federal certification gasoline. Both regulated and unregulated air-toxic emissions were measured.For the aggregate 16-vehicle fleet, increasing ethanol content resulted in reductions in average composite emissions of both NMHC and CO and increases in average emissions of ethanol and aldehydes. Changes in average composite emissions of NMOG and NO X were not statistically significant. By segregating the vehicle fleet according to power-enrichment fueling strategy, a better understanding of ethanol fuel-effect on emissions was realized. Vehicles found to apply longterm fuel trim (LTFT) to power-enrichment fueling showed no statistically significant fuel effect on NMOG, NMHC, CO or NO X . For vehicles found to not apply LTFT to power-enrichment, statistically significant reductions in NMHC and CO were observed, as was a statistically significant increase in NO X emissions. Effects of ethanol on NMOG and NMHC emissions were found to also be influenced by power-to-weight ratio, while the effects on NO X emissions were found to be influenced by engine displacement.

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The effect of fuel sulfur on NH3 and other emissions from 2000–2001 model year vehicles

Cited by 43 publications

References 18 publications

Emission factor of ammonia (NH ₃ ) from on-road vehicles in China: tunnel tests in urban Guangzhou

Emission factor of ammonia (NH ₃ ) from on-road vehicles in China: tunnel tests in urban Guangzhou

Ammonia formation over supported platinum and palladium catalysts

Effects of Mid-Level Ethanol Blends on Conventional Vehicle Emissions

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The effect of fuel sulfur on NH3 and other emissions from 2000–2001 model year vehicles

Cited by 43 publications

References 18 publications

Emission factor of ammonia (NH 3 ) from on-road vehicles in China: tunnel tests in urban Guangzhou

Emission factor of ammonia (NH 3 ) from on-road vehicles in China: tunnel tests in urban Guangzhou

Ammonia formation over supported platinum and palladium catalysts

Effects of Mid-Level Ethanol Blends on Conventional Vehicle Emissions

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About

Emission factor of ammonia (NH ₃ ) from on-road vehicles in China: tunnel tests in urban Guangzhou

Emission factor of ammonia (NH ₃ ) from on-road vehicles in China: tunnel tests in urban Guangzhou