The Effect of Fourteen Root Extracts Upon Germination and Seedling Length of Fifteen Plant Species

Lawrence, T.; Kilcher, M. R.

doi:10.4141/cjps62-045

Cited by 32 publications

(13 citation statements)

References 17 publications

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“…These observations provoked several other researchers to look closer at the allelopathic potential of alfalfa plants, though Lawrance and Kichler (1962) showed that alfalfa roots contained water-soluble substances toxic to creasted wheatgrass, Russian wild rye grass , intermediate wheatgrass, sorghum, alfalfa, sweetclover, wild barley, dandelion, wheat, oats and barley seedlings. Guenzi et al (1964) studied the influence of water extracts of samples from Buffalo and Ranger alfalfa varieties at three cuttings and at six stages of growth, on the germination and seedling growth of corn.…”

Section: Germination and Plant Growth Regulation By Saponinsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Allelopathy

1992

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Section: Germination and Plant Growth Regulation By Saponinsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Allelopathy

1992

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“…Consequently, information that might allow us to predict which types of species are most likely to be resistant to (±)‐catechin is lacking. A few studies have reported considerable variation among species in response to plant residues and allelochemicals (Nielsen et al 1960; Lawrence & Kilcher 1962; Mersie & Singh 1987; An et al 1997), including (±)‐catechin (Weir et al 2003), but none has examined resistance among North American grassland species or reported differences in resistance among taxonomic or functional groups. Here, we compare effects of (±)‐catechin on germination and seedling growth of 23 grassland species.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Screening of Grassland Plants for Restoration after Spotted Knapweed Invasion

Perry

Johnson

Alford

et al. 2005

Restoration Ecology

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Invasions of North American grasslands by Spotted knapweed (Centaurea maculosa Lam.) are mediated in part by Spotted knapweed root exudation of (±)-catechin, a potent phytotoxin. Residual soil (±)-catechin may interfere with reestablishment of native grassland species even after Spotted knapweed populations are controlled. Grassland species that are resistant to (±)-catechin may be more successful for restoration of areas infested by Spotted knapweed. We evaluated the (±)-catechin resistance of 23 grassland species by measuring the effects of seven (±)-catechin concentrations (0-4.0 mg/mL) on seed germination, seedling root and shoot elongation, and seedling mortality. (±)-Catechin treatments were chosen to reflect the range of observed Spotted knapweed field soil (±)-catechin concentrations. Inhibition of root elongation was the strongest and most common effect of (±)-catechin treatment. High (±)-catechin concentrations reduced mean root lengths of 5 of the species by more than 75% and another 10 species by more than 55%. Experimentally derived concentrations needed to reduce root length by 50% (EC50), an indicator of (±)-catechin resistance, ranged from 0.43 mg/mL ± 0.30 SE to greater than 4.0 mg/mL among species. Eight species with EC50s greater than 3.0 mg/mL were identified as resistant to (±)-catechin and are likely suitable for revegetation of Spotted knapweed-infested areas. (±)-Catechin resistance was positively correlated with mean seed mass, suggesting that seed carbohydrate reserves may allow seedlings to detoxify (±)-catechin, develop barriers to (±)-catechin exposure, or sustain a positive growth rate, despite (±)-catechin-induced cell death. Future efforts to identify allelochemical-resistant grassland species should focus on large-seeded species.

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“…(4) Surveys have generally shown that a large proportion of the species tested give positive results in bioassays even when there is no ecological evidence that they are involved in allelopathic relations (Pickering 1917;Jameson 1961;Lawrence & Kilcher 1962;Grant & Sallans 1964;Quaterman 1973).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Allelopathy and its Influence on the Distribution of Plants in an Illinois Old-Field

Stowe¹

1979

The Journal of Ecology

140

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JSTOR is a not-for-profit service that helps scholars, researchers, and students discover, use, and build upon a wide range of content in a trusted digital archive. We use information technology and tools to increase productivity and facilitate new forms of scholarship. For more information about JSTOR, please contact support@jstor.org.. British Ecological Society is collaborating with JSTOR to digitize, preserve and extend access to Journal of Ecology. SUMMARY(1) A whole-community investigation of allelopathy in an old-field in Illinois was undertaken, by comparing bioassay results with association patterns in the field.(2) The seven most abundant species in the field were tested upon each other in nine commonly-used bioassays. Eight of the nine bioassays gave many cases of statistically significant inhibition, and strong phytotoxicity was exhibited by species which have not previously been suspected of being allelopathic and which show no readily-observable signs of allelopathy in the field.(3) Autotoxicity was found to be as severe as allotoxicity, indicating that the species have not evolved resistance to their own inhibitors.(4) When the distribution patterns of species in the field were statistically compared with the results of each of the bioassays in turn, no significant correlations were found.(5) It was concluded that the types of allelopathy which were tested by these bioassays were not demonstrably effective under field conditions, that perhaps any species can be shown to have allelopathic properties in bioassays, and that bioassays may, for many communities, have no ecological meaning.

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The Effect of Fourteen Root Extracts Upon Germination and Seedling Length of Fifteen Plant Species

Abstract: sweet ciover, poverty u'eed, and couch grass shon'ed the greatest inhibitory effects on both the germination and seedling g.rowth.

Cited by 32 publications

References 17 publications

Allelopathy

Allelopathy

Screening of Grassland Plants for Restoration after Spotted Knapweed Invasion

Allelopathy and its Influence on the Distribution of Plants in an Illinois Old-Field

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