Screening of Grassland Plants for Restoration after Spotted Knapweed Invasion

Perry, Laura G.; Johnson, Chandra; Alford, Élan R.; Vivanco, Jorge M.; Paschke, Mark W.

doi:10.1111/j.1526-100x.2005.00092.x

Cited by 50 publications

(58 citation statements)

References 31 publications

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“…This occurred within the last 30 days of the experiment. ( §)-Catechin aVects roots more than shoots (Perry et al 2005a), and perhaps root inhibition exacerbated the eVects of high temperatures and drying soils, resulting in unusually strong eVects of ( §)-catechin. On the other hand, perhaps high temperatures exacerbated the eVect of ( §)-catechin on relatively more water-stressed roots.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The ( §) racemic form of catechin was initially reported to frequently occur at or above t1,000 g g ¡1 in soils Perry et al 2005a;Thelen et al 2005), but more detailed and extensive soil analyses have convincingly demonstrated that soil concentrations are much lower. Using a lower detection limit of 25 g g ¡1 , Perry et al (2007) found ( §)-catechin in less than 5% of C. maculosa rhizospheres, but at a site sampled repeatedly they recorded a pulse, in which ( §)-catechin was found in all 20 rhizospheres tested, of 650 § 450 (SD) g g ¡1 .…”

Section: Competition Experimentsmentioning

confidence: 98%

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Novel weapons and invasion: biogeographic differences in the competitive effects of Centaurea maculosa and its root exudate (±)-catechin

et al. 2009

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Recent studies suggest that the invasive success of Centaurea maculosa may be related to its stronger allelopathic effects on native North American species than on related European species, one component of the "novel weapons" hypothesis. Other research indicates that C. maculosa plants from the invasive range in North America have evolved to be larger and better competitors than conspecifics from the native range in Europe, a component of the "evolution of increased competitive ability" hypothesis. These hypotheses are not mutually exclusive, but this evidence sets the stage for comparing the relative importance of evolved competitive ability to inherent competitive traits. In a competition experiment with a large number of C. maculosa populations, we found no difference in the competitive effects of C. maculosa plants from North America and Europe on other species. However, both North American and European C. maculosa were much better competitors against plants native to North America than congeners native to Romania, collected in areas where C. maculosa is also native. These results are consistent with the novel weapons hypothesis. But, in a second experiment using just one population from North America and Europe, and where North American and European species were collected from a broader range of sites, competitive interactions were weaker overall, and the competitive effects of C. maculosa were slightly stronger against European species than against North American species. Also consistent with the novel weapons hypothesis, (+/-)-catechin had stronger effects on native North American species than on native European species in two experiments. Our results suggest that the regional composition of the plant communities being invaded by C. maculosa may be more important for invasive success than the evolution of increased size and competitive ability.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Competition Experimentsmentioning

confidence: 98%

Novel weapons and invasion: biogeographic differences in the competitive effects of Centaurea maculosa and its root exudate (±)-catechin

et al. 2009

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“…For example, lettuce may be unusually sensitive to some chemicals (Inderjit and Nilsen 2003) or unusually tolerant to others (Perry et al 2005a). This variation in response is likely to be true for all species and even among genotypes within a species (Callaway et al 2005a, b).…”

Section: Traditional Approachmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Nakano et al (2001Nakano et al ( , 2003 isolated L-tryptophan from P. juliflora leaves, and implicated L-tryptophan leached from the foliage of P. juliflora as a potential allelochemical in Petri dish experiments, but again with species that do not naturally occur with P. juliflora. The selection of bioassay species is crucial to the study of allelopathy as the effect of biochemicals can vary dramatically among test species (Inderjit and Nilsen 2003;Perry et al 2005a;Inderjit 2006).…”

Section: Congeneric Comparisonsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Allelopathy and plant invasions: traditional, congeneric, and bio-geographical approaches

et al. 2008

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A relatively small subset of exotic plant species competitively exclude their neighbors in invaded ''recipient'' communities but coexist with neighbors in their native habitat. Allelopathy has been argued as one of the mechanisms by which such exotics may become successful invaders. Three approaches have been used to examine allelopathy as a mechanism for invasion. The traditional approach examines exotic invasives in the same way that other native plants also suspected of allelopathic activities are studied. In this approach dose, fate, and replenishment of chemicals can provide powerful evidence for allelopathic processes. The bio-geographical approach often does not provide as much mechanistic evidence for allelopathy, but comparing the allelopathic effects of exotic invasives on species from their native and invaded communities yields stronger evidence than the traditional approach for whether or not allelopathy actually contributes to invasive success. The congeneric, or phylogenetic, approach involves comparative studies of exotic species with natives in the same genus or that are as closely related as possible. Congeneric approaches are limited in inference and have been used to study the role of natural enemies in exotic invasion, but this approach has not been widely used to study allelopathy and invasion. We discuss these three approaches and present a data set for congeneric Lantana and Prosopis to illustrate how the congeneric approach can be used, and use Centaurea maculosa and (±)-catechin to demonstrate experimentally how traditional and bio-geographic approaches can be integrated to shed light on allelopathy in exotic plant invasions.

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“…Although species that are sensitive to the allelopathic effects of knapweed can persist in knapweed-infested areas (Perry et al 2005), very little research has been published detailing which native forbs are capable of establishing in the presence of knapweed. We observed native forb establishment in all treatments, including those that retained high knapweed cover (Table 2).…”

Section: Seeding Effectsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Native Plant Establishment Success Influenced by Spotted Knapweed (Centaurea stoebe) Control Method

Martin¹,

MacDonald

Brown

2014

Ecological Restoration

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Invasive species frequently need to be controlled as part of efforts to reestablish native species on degraded sites. While the effectiveness of differing control methods are often reported, the impacts these methods have on the establishment of a native plant community are often unknown. To determine methods that effectively reduce spotted knapweed (Centaurea stoebe) while enhancing native species establishment, we tested 12 treatment combinations consisting of an initial site preparation (mowing, mowing + clopyralid, or mowing + glyphosate), in factorial combination with annual adult knapweed hand pulling and/or burning. We established 48 plots and applied site preparation treatments during summer 2008, seeded 23 native forbs and grasses during spring 2009, pulled adult knapweed annually from 2009-2012, and burned in the early spring 2012. During July of 2011 and 2012, percent cover of all species was visually estimated. By 2011, seeded species had established in all treatment plots, including plots that retained greater than 50% knapweed cover, indicating that native species successfully established despite knapweed dominance. Mowing alone had no longterm impacts on community development. Clopyralid favored non-native grass establishment, while glyphosate encouraged non-native forbs. Clopyralid had minimal impacts on native forb establishment, but did effectively control knapweed. Pulling reduced knapweed cover, increased non-native grass cover and enhanced native species establishment. Burning had little impact, possibly due to low intensity and unseasonable weather. On the heavily invaded site we studied, combining the use of clopyralid with hand pulling effectively controlled knapweed and favored the establishment of seeded native grasses and forbs.

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Screening of Grassland Plants for Restoration after Spotted Knapweed Invasion

Cited by 50 publications

References 31 publications

Novel weapons and invasion: biogeographic differences in the competitive effects of Centaurea maculosa and its root exudate (±)-catechin

Novel weapons and invasion: biogeographic differences in the competitive effects of Centaurea maculosa and its root exudate (±)-catechin

Allelopathy and plant invasions: traditional, congeneric, and bio-geographical approaches

Native Plant Establishment Success Influenced by Spotted Knapweed (Centaurea stoebe) Control Method

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