The Effect of Foliar and Ground-Applied Essential Nutrients on Huanglongbing-Affected Mature Citrus Trees

Atta, Alisheikh A.; Morgan, Kelly T.; Kadyampakeni, Davie M.; Mahmoud, Kamal

doi:10.3390/plants10050925

Cited by 12 publications

(23 citation statements)

References 60 publications

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“…Many studies have evidenced that plants can take up nutrients via their foliage. 36 Therefore, foliar uptake of Se and Si is regarded as the main mechanism for the regulation of Cd translocation and transport in rice plants. In this study, Se concentrations were also significantly increased in brown rice by foliar Se application (Figure S1).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The significance of this study is that Cd concentrations in all of the nodes, internodes, and leaves of rice were considered to explain the resistance to uptake of Cd by rice plants. Many studies have evidenced that plants can take up nutrients via their foliage . Therefore, foliar uptake of Se and Si is regarded as the main mechanism for the regulation of Cd translocation and transport in rice plants.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Influence of Silicon and Selenium and Contribution of the Node to Cadmium Allocation and Toxicity in Rice

Zhou

Gao

Cui

et al. 2021

ACS Agric. Sci. Technol.

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Minimization of cadmium (Cd) in edible parts of crops is regarded as an effective approach for reducing the threat of Cd to public health. Beneficial elements selenium (Se) and silicon (Si) have been shown to promote rice growth and to reduce the rice Cd concentration under Cd stress. We performed a field experiment that highlighted the role of stem nodes and foliar Si and Se sprayings on the accumulation of Cd in 14 rice tissues, including brown rice, husk, panicle, four nodes, four internodes, and three leaves. The results indicated that foliar Se and Si applications significantly decreased brown rice Cd concentrations by 56% and 50% from 1.5 mg kg–1 to 0.66 and 0.75 mg kg–1, respectively. The applications of Se and Si were mainly through the reduction of the accumulation of Cd in rice roots by 27% and 32%, resulting in decreases in Cd in nodes by 53–76% and 26–60% respectively, while Cd concentrations were not significantly reduced in leaves and internodes. The first node beneath the panicle (N I) also played a critical role in the allocation of Cd within rice plants, whereas foliar Se and Si sprayings significantly reduced the extent of transfer of Cd from node I to the first internode and rice grain and significantly increased the extent of transfer of Cd to the flag leaf. However, N III had no effects on the transport of Cd to upper organs and N II promoted the translocation of Cd to upper organs after applications of Se and Si. Applications of Se and Si also improve the uptake of most of the mineral nutrients in N I. Overall, reduction of Cd in rice root and nodes and allocation of Cd in N I are the key steps in the accumulation of Cd in brown rice.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Influence of Silicon and Selenium and Contribution of the Node to Cadmium Allocation and Toxicity in Rice

Zhou

Gao

Cui

et al. 2021

ACS Agric. Sci. Technol.

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“…In a study by Uthman et al (2020), it was suggested that for up to 224 kg N ha -1 supply, the leaf N concentration, canopy volume and yield of HLB-affected trees increased whereas beyond that level no additional advantage was obtained. Atta et al (2021) also found out that split ground application of 224 kgha -1 of N and both foliar applied coupled with ground-applied Mn and Zn each at 9 kgha -1 sustainably supplied these nutrients within optimum ranges and further improved vegetative growth of HLB-affected trees. Foliar sprays are widely used but more expensive than soil-applied fertilizers and are more affected by regular rainfall, high temperatures, and heavy wind (Phuyal et al, 2020).…”

Section: Irrigation Nutrition Management and Hormonesmentioning

confidence: 87%

Understanding Citrus Greening Disease and Its Possible Management Strategies in Nepal

Pokhrel

Pandey

Ghimire

et al. 2021

Int J Appl Sci Biotechnol

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Huanglongbing (HLB), also known as citrus greening, is a devastating disease of citrus that has decimated several citrus orchards throughout the world. The disease is associated with three species of unculturable and phloem-limited bacteriae, Candidatus Liberibacter asiaticus, Candidatus Liberibacter africanus and Candidatus Liberibacter americanus. The most common species of bacteria found in Nepal is Candidatus Liberibacter asiaticus which is transmitted by an insect vector, Asian citrus psyllid (Diaphorina citri). This disease has been detected in several economically important citrus production areas of Nepal, which resulted in heavy yield loss. No cure for the disease has been discovered yet and it is essential to practice proper management strategies to maintain citrus health and sustain citrus production under HLB pressure. Several disease management approaches such as pathogen-free nursery establishment, use of disease tolerant rootstock cultivars, proper irrigation and nutrient supply, removal of HLB affected trees, and control of psyllid with frequent insecticide application are widely practiced throughout the world. This review article highlights the characteristics of the citrus greening disease and its insect vector and gives insights into their management techniques. Several technologically advanced options available to minimize the HLB infection might not be feasible currently in Nepal due to economic and topographic constraints. This article also aims to bring into focus the cost-effective methods that growers in Nepal can practice to mitigate the impact of HLB disease in their citrus orchards. Int. J. Appl. Sci. Biotechnol. Vol 9(4): 227-238.

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“…The complexity of nutrient management studies lies in their combination with declining fine root length density (FRLD) of HLB-affected citrus trees associated with HLB disease. Inherently, Florida sandy soils, with a high amount of rainfall or irrigation, and the transformation, leaching, and movement of the applied essential nutrients in the soil decreases nutrient uptake efficiency [6][7][8]. Therefore, the estimation of crop water demand based on reference crop evapotranspiration (ETo) and crop coefficient (Kc) are essential methodologies for improving crop water and nutrient uptake, hence productivity [9].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Ground-applied fertilizers are prone to unfavorable soil reactions that may result in the precipitation of nutrients to plant unavailable forms, leaching beyond the root zone, and runoff [6,10,11]. Meanwhile, following the infection of citrus trees with CLas, FRLD decline, water and nutrient uptake, xylem sap flow, and phloem movement are being severely disrupted [12,13].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Spatial and Temporal Nutrient Dynamics and Water Management of Huanglongbing-Affected Mature Citrus Trees on Florida Sandy Soils

2022

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Nutrients are vital for plant growth, development, and aid in disease control because nutrients affect host plant and pathogen interactions. Once a citrus tree is infected with the phloem-limited, Gram-negative bacteria, Candidatus Liberibacter asiaticus (CLas), huanglongbing (HLB; citrus greening), it would fall under threat of survival as the disease has no known control mechanism discovered thus far. The objective of this study was to determine if split soil applications of essential nutrients improve the availability and accumulation, reduce leaching of these nutrients beyond the root zone, and promote root growth and water dynamics of HLB-affected citrus trees in the soil–plant–atmosphere continuum. Split soil applications of three N rates (168, 224, and 280 kg ha−1 year−1) were the main blocks. Micronutrients were randomly applied to the sub-blocks assigned in a split-split plot design, applied in three splits annually. The micronutrients were applied to foliage and soil as follows: foliar only 1× (1×), foliar 1× and soil-applied 1× (2×), and foliar 1× and soil-applied 2× (3×)× (1× = 9 kg ha−1 year−1 of Mn and Zn to each foliar and soil along with 2.2 kg ha−1 year−1 of B). Significant soil NH4-N and NO3-N, Zn, and Mn were retained within the active soil root zone (0–30 cm). Higher soil acidity was detected when trees received the highest micronutrient rate in the upper soil layers (0–15 cm) as compared with the middle (15–30 cm) and the lowest (30–45 cm) soil layers. Fine root length density (FRLD) was significantly lower at the highest micronutrient rates, manifesting root growth negatively associated with high Mn and low soil pH. Invariably, the water dynamics: stem water potential (ψstem), stomata conductance (gs), and sap flow were also negatively affected when trees received foliar 1× and soil 2× (3×) treatment as compared with the other treatments. Split application of nutrients had a significant effect on FRLD growth, retaining soil-applied nutrients within the active root zone, and improved water use efficiency.

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The Effect of Foliar and Ground-Applied Essential Nutrients on Huanglongbing-Affected Mature Citrus Trees

Cited by 12 publications

References 60 publications

Influence of Silicon and Selenium and Contribution of the Node to Cadmium Allocation and Toxicity in Rice

Influence of Silicon and Selenium and Contribution of the Node to Cadmium Allocation and Toxicity in Rice

Understanding Citrus Greening Disease and Its Possible Management Strategies in Nepal

Spatial and Temporal Nutrient Dynamics and Water Management of Huanglongbing-Affected Mature Citrus Trees on Florida Sandy Soils

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