The Effect of Ferric Chloride on Superficial Bleeding

Nouri, Saeed; Sharif, Mohammad Reza; Sahba, Sare

doi:10.5812/traumamon.18042

Cited by 9 publications

(15 citation statements)

References 15 publications

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“…Cotton swabs can be used to absorb the bleeding, but alternatively, ferric chloride solution can be applied. Ferric chloride has a hemostatic effect 18 , and also triggers the stiffening of neck muscles around the incision site, thus helping to obtain correct insertion of the needle into the CM. Ferric chloride also dries out the skull and dural membrane, presenting better surfaces for adhesion of the cannula.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cannula Implantation into the Cisterna Magna of Rodents

Xavier

Hauglund

Holstein-Rathlou

et al. 2018

JoVE

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Cisterna magna cannulation (CMc) is a straightforward procedure that enables direct access to the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) without operative damage to the skull or the brain parenchyma. In anesthetized rodents, the exposure of the dura mater by blunt dissection of the neck muscles allows the insertion of a cannula into the cisterna magna (CM). The cannula, composed either by a fine beveled needle or borosilicate capillary, is attached via a polyethylene (PE) tube to a syringe. Using a syringe pump, molecules can then be injected at controlled rates directly into the CM, which is continuous with the subarachnoid space. From the subarachnoid space, we can trace CSF fluxes by convective flow into the perivascular space around penetrating arterioles, where solute exchange with the interstitial fluid (ISF) occurs. CMc can be performed for acute injections immediately following the surgery, or for chronic implantation, with later injection in anesthetized or awake, freely moving rodents. Quantitation of tracer distribution in the brain parenchyma can be performed by epifluorescence, 2-photon microscopy, and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), depending on the physico-chemical properties of the injected molecules. Thus, CMc in conjunction with various imaging techniques offers a powerful tool for assessment of the glymphatic system and CSF dynamics and function. Furthermore, CMc can be utilized as a conduit for fast, brain-wide delivery of signaling molecules and metabolic substrates that could not otherwise cross the blood brain barrier (BBB).

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cannula Implantation into the Cisterna Magna of Rodents

Xavier

Hauglund

Holstein-Rathlou

et al. 2018

JoVE

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“…In this study, viscosity and acidity of Carnoy 0 s solution varied according to the presence of chloroform, with increasing viscosity in the order Carnoy 0 s solution without chloroform, water and Carnoy 0 s solution with chloroform, in addition to a discrete increase of pH. Such pH values obtained may be explained by the presence of acetic acid, chloroform, [19,34] and ferric chloride [35] in composition. All of these components present acid feature when isolated.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 73%

“…By the contrary of further known hemostatic agents, ferric chloride displays its effects through the chemical reaction with blood, regardless the action of normal hemostatic system. As most topical hemostatic agents are employed to control superficial bleeding, requiring normal hemostatic functions to achieve the effects, the addition of a local hemostatic agent that exempts the need for a normal hemostatic system may indeed improve the coagulative effect …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…As most topical hemostatic agents are employed to control superficial bleeding, requiring normal hemostatic functions to achieve the effects, the addition of a local hemostatic agent that exempts the need for a normal hemostatic system may indeed improve the coagulative effect. [35] In 1928, the physicist Sir Chandrasekhara Venkata Raman observed and interpreted the phenomenon of inelastic scattering of light through the matter using a microspectroscopy technique, currently denominated as Raman effect. [36] Raman spectroscopy is a valuable analytic technique able to assay the chemical composition of a variety of samples, such as fluids, cells, and tissues.…”

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confidence: 99%

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Physicochemical and rheological characterization of different Carnoy's solutions applied in oral and maxillofacial surgery

Carvalho

Feitosa²,

Fonseca

et al. 2017

J Raman Spectroscopy

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Carnoy's solution has been widely undertaken as adjunctive therapy for benign odontogenic tumors. Although its outcomes were highly investigated, little information is available regarding its mechanism of action and the role of chloroform in composition. The aim of this study was to characterize Carnoy's solution (with and without chloroform) in order to survey its physicochemical and pharmacological properties. UV/Vis spectroscopy, Raman microspectroscopy, viscosity assessment, pH analysis, and ion (Fe3+) concentration were studied. All solutions were prepared by the same operator and assayed at each 7 days within a 4‐week period. All solutions depicted acidic pH whereas the viscosity was increased by the addition of chloroform. Starting in the seventh day after preparation, solutions with chloroform showed iron precipitation when nonfiltered. Carnoy's solution without chloroform was stable during the survey period as evidenced by Raman spectroscopy. In conclusion, Carnoy's solution possesses an acidic characteristic, it is stable when stored at room temperature, and precipitates iron salts when in the presence of chloroform in a nonfiltered solution. The chloroform increases the viscosity of the solution and makes its pH slightly more acidic when compared to the Carnoy's solution without chloroform. Raman spectroscopy favored the evaluation of components' stability in solutions by using the spectra analysis and the established correlations between the peaks in different periods.

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“…The spectra of the Carnoy solutions were superimposed on graphs that were quite similar. The region between 2,500 cm -1 and 3,500 cm -1 was the one with the greatest variation since the variations between the peaks in the the Gaussian and Lorentzian method to determine the characterization and deconvolution of the graphs (Nouri et al, 2015).…”

Section: Raman Spectroscopymentioning

confidence: 99%

Pharmacological Characterization and Raman Spectroscopy Evaluation of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery-Related Carnoy´S Solution Modified by Different Viscosity Agents

Carvalho

Verde

Viana

et al. 2019

Asian Pac J Cancer Prev

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Background: There are several lesions of odontogenic and non-odontogenic origin in the oral cavity, such as odontogenic keratocyst, as well as many treatment options for such lesions. In order to reduce recurrence due to conservative treatments and less aesthetic and functional impairment of the patient (radical therapies), Carnoy's solution has been used as an adjuvant to surgery, showing satisfactory results. Its application is not standardized, presenting risks to adjacent tissues. Thus, we characterized the Carnoy's solution with different viscosity agents to enhance its applicability. Material and Methods: All solutions prepared (Carnoy with and without chloroform) were added with viscosity agent: ethyl cellulose, propylene glycol, and glycerol totaling eight solutions. The pharmacological characterization of the solutions was performed by determining the mass density and relative density (using a clean and dry pycnometer), pH (using pH meter), and concentration of Fe 3+ (using ultraviolet/visible spectroscopy). The analyses of the inorganic components were determined by Raman micro spectrometry. Data were analyzed with statistical program BIOESTAT 5.3. Results: Solutions with ethyl cellulose were discarded due to precipitate formation and suspension of the viscosity agent. In the other solutions, viscosity increase (propylene glycol solutions) and acidic pH were observed mainly in the glycerol group. The ferric chloride characterized as a hemostatic agent had its concentration increased with the use of thickening agents, theoretically favoring its action. Conclusion: The similarity of the propylene glycol and glycerol molecules justifies the Raman spectra of these substances to be similar and the difficulty in obtaining a "fingerprint".

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The Effect of Ferric Chloride on Superficial Bleeding

Cited by 9 publications

References 15 publications

Cannula Implantation into the Cisterna Magna of Rodents

Cannula Implantation into the Cisterna Magna of Rodents

Physicochemical and rheological characterization of different Carnoy's solutions applied in oral and maxillofacial surgery

Pharmacological Characterization and Raman Spectroscopy Evaluation of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery-Related Carnoy´S Solution Modified by Different Viscosity Agents

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