Pharmacological Characterization and Raman Spectroscopy Evaluation of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery-Related Carnoy´S Solution Modified by Different Viscosity Agents

Abstract

Background: There are several lesions of odontogenic and non-odontogenic origin in the oral cavity, such as odontogenic keratocyst, as well as many treatment options for such lesions. In order to reduce recurrence due to conservative treatments and less aesthetic and functional impairment of the patient (radical therapies), Carnoy's solution has been used as an adjuvant to surgery, showing satisfactory results. Its application is not standardized, presenting risks to adjacent tissues. Thus, we characterized the Carnoy's solution with different viscosity agents to enhance its applicability. Material and Methods: All solutions prepared (Carnoy with and without chloroform) were added with viscosity agent: ethyl cellulose, propylene glycol, and glycerol totaling eight solutions. The pharmacological characterization of the solutions was performed by determining the mass density and relative density (using a clean and dry pycnometer), pH (using pH meter), and concentration of Fe 3+ (using ultraviolet/visible spectroscopy). The analyses of the inorganic components were determined by Raman micro spectrometry. Data were analyzed with statistical program BIOESTAT 5.3. Results: Solutions with ethyl cellulose were discarded due to precipitate formation and suspension of the viscosity agent. In the other solutions, viscosity increase (propylene glycol solutions) and acidic pH were observed mainly in the glycerol group. The ferric chloride characterized as a hemostatic agent had its concentration increased with the use of thickening agents, theoretically favoring its action. Conclusion: The similarity of the propylene glycol and glycerol molecules justifies the Raman spectra of these substances to be similar and the difficulty in obtaining a "fingerprint".

Enzyme-labeled Antigen Method: Factors Influencing the Deterioration of Antigen-binding Activity of Specific Antibodies during Formalin Fixation and Paraffin Embedding

“…Labeled Antigen Method and Paraffin Sections value was adjusted to a neutral state in 4% PFA and buffered 10% formalin. Frozen sections fixed in Carnoy's solution, an acidic fixative [2], also showed poor staining for antigen-reactive antibodies (Fig. 5).…”

Saline dry fixation for improved cell composition analysis using Raman spectroscopy

“…1 A summary of commonly used cell fixation methods for Raman spectroscopy, and their associated pitfalls. [13][14][15][17][18][19][20][21][22][23] methods. [13][14][15] We also assessed how stable saline dry-fixed samples are over time.…”