The effect of external pressure on intra-muscular blood flow at rest and after running

Thorsson, Ola; Hemdal, Bengt; Lilja, B.; Westlin, Nils E.

doi:10.1249/00005768-198710000-00008

Cited by 25 publications

(27 citation statements)

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“…A few previous studies addressed the effects of moderate leg compression on arterial inflow (18,22,23,25). In one of these studies, application of graded compression pressure did not change calf muscle blood flow (18); in this study, muscle blood flow was determined by measuring xenon-133 clearance, and the maximally applied compression pressure was 30 mmHg.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 84%

“…In one of these studies, application of graded compression pressure did not change calf muscle blood flow (18); in this study, muscle blood flow was determined by measuring xenon-133 clearance, and the maximally applied compression pressure was 30 mmHg. In another study (25) conducted on male distance runners, moderate compression (40 mmHg) reduced the muscle blood flow in the thigh by ϳ50%. The reason for the discrepancy between these two studies (18,25) is not readily apparent, because the method used to assess changes in leg blood flow was identical.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 96%

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External compression increases forearm perfusion

Bochmann¹,

Seibel²,

Haase³

et al. 2005

Journal of Applied Physiology

101

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Application of compression stockings to the lower extremities is a widely used therapeutic intervention to improve venous return, but there is little information about the effects of compression on local arterial perfusion. Therefore, we tested the hypothesis that a positive external pressure increases forearm perfusion. The relation of increasing external pressure induced by standardized compression to the arterial inflow and arterial flow reserve of the forearm was critically evaluated in a group of healthy young men (n = 9). Flow was measured with venous occlusion plethysmography after a 10-min application of six different stockings with compression pressure increasing from 13 to 23 mmHg. During compression, the arterial inflow increased significantly from 3.7 +/- 0.85 to 8.8 +/- 2.01 ml.min(-1).100 ml tissue(-1) (P < 0.001) and the arterial flow reserve increased from 17.7 +/- 4.7 to 28.3 +/- 7.0 ml.min(-1).100 ml tissue(-1). The flow increase was persistent after 3 h of constant application of external pressure and also during simultaneous low-intensity hand grip. Similar results obtained with occlusion plethysmography were seen with MRI. During the interventions, forearm temperature was unchanged, and the volunteers reported no discomfort. In conclusion, 1) arterial perfusion of the human forearm increases more than twofold during application of external compression over a pressure range of 13-23 mmHg, and 2) the result is interpreted as an autoregulatory response following the decrease of the vascular transmural pressure gradient.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 84%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 96%

External compression increases forearm perfusion

Bochmann¹,

Seibel²,

Haase³

et al. 2005

Journal of Applied Physiology

101

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show abstract

“…Unfortunately, local application of moderate (50 mmHg) positive external pressure (PEP) over the working leg reduces local blood flow in a dose-dependent manner (Sundberg and Kaijser 1992). In the same way, application of strong external pressure on lower limbs during dynamic leg exercise reduces intramuscular blood flow in the pressure area (Ashton 1975;Dahn et al 1967;Nielsen 1983;Thorsson et al 1987). Thus, the reduction of the local blood flow reported with CS (Ashton 1975;Nielsen 1983;Nishiyasu et al 2000;Thorsson et al 1987) is expected to decrease the effectiveness with which lactate is released from the active muscle during exercise.…”

Section: Effect Of Cs During Exercisementioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of compression stockings during exercise and recovery on blood lactate kinetics

et al. 2010

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This study aimed to investigate if wearing compression stockings (CS) during exercise and recovery could affect lactate profile in sportsmen. Eight young healthy trained male subjects performed two maximal exercise tests on a cycle ergometer on two different occasions performed randomly: CS during both exercise and recovery, and no CS. Blood lactate concentration was taken during exercise and at 0, 3, 5, 10, 15, 30 and 60 min post-exercise. The individual blood lactate recovery curves were fitted to a biexponential time function: La(t) = La(0) + A1(1 - e(-gamma1t)) + A2(1 - e(-gamma2t)), where gamma(1) and gamma(2) denote the abilities to exchange lactate between the previously active muscles and the blood and to remove lactate from the organism, respectively. A significantly higher blood lactate value at the end of the maximal exercise was found (12.1 +/- 0.5 vs. 10.8 +/- 0.5 mmol l(-1)) wearing CS as compared to no CS (P < 0.05). Lower gamma(1) and higher gamma(2) values were observed with CS during recovery, as compared to no CS. It was concluded that CS during graded exercise leads to a significant higher blood lactate value at exhaustion. Since lactate exchanges were expected to be decreased during exercise due to CS, this result was likely attributable to a higher lactate accumulation related to a greater overall contribution of anaerobic glycolysis. Although the lactate removal ability was significantly improved when wearing CS during recovery, its efficacy in promoting blood lactate clearance after high-intensity exercise is limited.

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“…However, according to the prevailing belief, it is recommended that the combination of ice (cryotherapy) and compression be applied in shifts of 15 to 20 minutes in duration, repeated at intervals of 30 to 60 minutes, as this kind of protocol has been shown to result in a 3° to 7°C decrease in the intramuscular temperature and a 50% reduction in the intramuscular blood flow (Thorsson et al, 1987;Thorsson et al, 1985).…”

Section: Treatment Strategies: How-to-treatmentioning

confidence: 99%