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This study aimed to investigate if wearing compression stockings (CS) during exercise and recovery could affect lactate profile in sportsmen. Eight young healthy trained male subjects performed two maximal exercise tests on a cycle ergometer on two different occasions performed randomly: CS during both exercise and recovery, and no CS. Blood lactate concentration was taken during exercise and at 0, 3, 5, 10, 15, 30 and 60 min post-exercise. The individual blood lactate recovery curves were fitted to a biexponential time function: La(t) = La(0) + A1(1 - e(-gamma1t)) + A2(1 - e(-gamma2t)), where gamma(1) and gamma(2) denote the abilities to exchange lactate between the previously active muscles and the blood and to remove lactate from the organism, respectively. A significantly higher blood lactate value at the end of the maximal exercise was found (12.1 +/- 0.5 vs. 10.8 +/- 0.5 mmol l(-1)) wearing CS as compared to no CS (P < 0.05). Lower gamma(1) and higher gamma(2) values were observed with CS during recovery, as compared to no CS. It was concluded that CS during graded exercise leads to a significant higher blood lactate value at exhaustion. Since lactate exchanges were expected to be decreased during exercise due to CS, this result was likely attributable to a higher lactate accumulation related to a greater overall contribution of anaerobic glycolysis. Although the lactate removal ability was significantly improved when wearing CS during recovery, its efficacy in promoting blood lactate clearance after high-intensity exercise is limited.

Elastic and non-elastic bandages behave differently from one another, and non-elastic bandages not appearing to comply with medical recommendations concerning graduated pressure. There is a high level of variability between subjects for some compression bandages (non-elastic and figure-of-eight methods).

Introduction: Females have been shown to experience less neuromuscular fatigue than males in knee extensors (KE) and less peripheral fatigue in plantar flexors (PF) following ultra-trail running, but it is unknown if these differences exist for shorter trail running races and whether this may impact running economy. The purpose of this study was to characterize sex differences in fatigability over a range of running distances and to examine possible differences in the postrace alteration of the cost of running (Cr).Methods: Eighteen pairs of males and females were matched by performance after completing different races ranging from 40 to 171 km, divided into SHORT vs LONG races (< 60 and > 100 km, respectively). NM function and Cr were tested before and after each race. NM function was evaluated on both KE and PF with voluntary and evoked contractions using electrical nerve (KE and PF) and transcranial magnetic (KE) stimulation. Oxygen uptake, respiratory exchange ratio and ventilation were measured on a treadmill and used to calculate Cr.Results: Compared to males, females displayed a smaller decrease in maximal strength in KE (−36% vs −27%, respectively, p < 0.01), independent of race distance. In SHORT only, females displayed less peripheral fatigue in PF compared to males (Δ peak twitch: −10% vs −24%, respectively, p < 0.05). Cr increased similarly in males and females.Conclusion: Females experience less neuromuscular fatigue than men following both 'classic' and 'extreme' prolonged running exercises but this does not impact the degradation of the energy cost of running.

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Aerobic capacity and walking capacity are decreased in hemiplegic stroke patients and are correlated with each other. These results underscore the need for future studies, to confirm the role of fitness in relation to walking capacity, and to evaluate the benefit of integrating aerobic training into more traditional rehabilitation programs after stroke.

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