The effect of exercise training on the metabolic interaction between digestion and locomotion in juvenile darkbarbel catfish (Peltebagrus vachelli)

752

870

SummaryMeasurements of aerobic scope [the difference between minimum and maximum oxygen consumption rate (M O2,min and M O2,max , respectively)] are increasing in prevalence as a tool to address questions relating to fish ecology and the effects of climate change. However, there are underlying issues regarding the array of methods used to measure aerobic scope across studies and species. In an attempt to enhance quality control before the diversity of issues becomes too great to remedy, this paper outlines common techniques and pitfalls associated with measurements of M O2,min , M O2,max and aerobic scope across species and under different experimental conditions. Additionally, we provide a brief critique of the oxygen-and capacity-limited thermal tolerance (OCLTT) hypothesis, a concept that is intricately dependent on aerobic scope measurements and is spreading wildly throughout the literature despite little evidence for its general applicability. It is the intention of this paper to encourage transparency and accuracy in future studies that measure the aerobic metabolism of fishes, and to highlight the fundamental issues with assuming broad relevance of the OCLTT hypothesis.

Section: Maximum Oxygen Consumption Ratementioning

confidence: 99%

Aerobic scope measurements of fishes in an era of climate change: respirometry, relevance and recommendations

Clark

Sandblom

Jutfelt

2013

752

870

“…Fifty fish were simultaneously transferred to an experimental exercise chamber [for details, see Li et al (Li et al, 2010)]. Water velocity within the exercise chamber was gradually increased by 3cms , which represented ~70% of U crit (where U crit was determined in a pilot experiment).…”

Section: Acclimation To Sustained Exercisementioning

confidence: 99%

“…Likewise, exercise training in fish may also alter components of the cardio-respiratory system, for example, resulting in larger hearts or higher pumping performance (Hochachka, 1961;Farrell et al, 1990;Gamperl and Farrell, 2004), higher Hb and myoglobin concentration (Holk and Lykkeboe, 1998), and increased skeletal muscle capillarity and tissue O 2 extraction (Love et al, 1977;Gamperl and Farrell, 2004). An increase in M O2,max and U crit has been observed after exercise training in rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) (Holk and Lykkeboe, 1998), darkbarbel catfish (Peltebagrus vachelli) (Liu et al, 2009;Li et al, 2010) and striped bass (Morone saxatilis) (Young and Cech, 1993;Young and Cech, 1994); however, they have not previously been investigated in goldfish.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The effect of acclimation to hypoxia and sustained exercise on subsequent hypoxia tolerance and swimming performance in goldfish (Carassius auratus)

Brauner

Cao

et al. 2011

Self Cite

117

SUMMARYThe objective of this study was to determine whether acclimation to hypoxia and sustained exercise would increase hypoxia tolerance (as indicated by a decrease in critical oxygen tension, P crit ) and swimming performance in goldfish (Carassius auratus), and to investigate the relationship between changes in performance and gill remodelling and tissue metabolic capacity. Goldfish were acclimated to either hypoxia (48h at 0.3mg O 2 l ) and compared with values from control fish. Acclimation to both hypoxia and sustained exercise improved hypoxia tolerance (P crit was reduced by 49% and 39%, respectively), which was associated with an increase in lamellar surface area (71% and 43%, respectively) and an increase in blood [Hb] (26% in both groups). Exercise acclimation also resulted in a decrease in routine M O2 (M O2,rout ). Acclimation to both hypoxia and sustained exercise resulted in a significant increase in U crit in hypoxia (18% and 17%, respectively), which was associated with an increase in maximal O 2 consumption rate at U crit (M O2,active ; 35% and 39%, respectively). While hypoxia acclimation resulted in an increase in U crit in normoxia, acclimation to sustained exercise did not improve subsequent swimming performance in normoxia. This lack of improvement was possibly due to depleted oxidizable substrates during exercise acclimation.

“…The maximum sustainable swimming speed, or critical swimming speed (U crit ), has long been a widely used parameter for the evaluation of aerobic swimming ability (Plaut, 2001;MacNutt et al, 2004;Li et al, 2010). The maximum oxygen consumption (active oxygen consumption rate, M O2active ) during the U crit test was assumed to be the maximum aerobic metabolic capacity (Alsop and Wood, 1997;Lee et al, 2003;Fu et al, 2011).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The effects of caudal fin loss and regeneration on the swimming performance of three cyprinid fish with different swimming capacities

Cao

2013

Self Cite

SUMMARYIn nature, the caudal fins of fish species are frequently lost to some extent by aggressive behaviour, predation and diseases. To test whether the swimming performance of fish with different swimming capacities would be differentially affected due to caudal fin loss and regeneration, we investigated the critical swimming speed (U crit ), swimming metabolic rate (M O2 ), tail beat frequency (f TB ) and tail beat amplitude (A TB ) after caudal fin loss and regeneration (20days) in juveniles of three cyprinid fish species: the qingbo (Spinibarbus sinensis; strong swimmer), the common carp (Cyprinus carpio; intermediate swimmer) and the goldfish (Carassius auratus; poor swimmer). The U crit values of the caudal-fin-lost qingbo, common carp and goldfish were 49, 32 and 35% significantly lower than those of the control groups, respectively. The maximum tail beat amplitude (A TBmax ) (all three fishes), the maximum tail beat frequency (f TBmax ) (only the common carp and the goldfish) and/or the active metabolic rate (M O2active ) (only the common carp) of the caudal-fin-lost fish were significantly higher than those of the control groups. After 20days of recovery, the caudal fins recovered to 41, 47 and 24% of those of the control groups for the qingbo, the common carp and the goldfish, respectively. However, the U crit values of the fin-regenerated qingbo, common carp and goldfish recovered to 86, 91 and 95% of those of the control group, respectively. The caudal-fin-regenerated qingbo and common carp showed a significantly higher A TBmax and f TBmax , respectively, compared with those of the control groups. The qingbo had a higher f TBmax but a lower A TBmax than the common carp and the goldfish, which suggested that a strong swimmer may maintain swimming speed primarily by maintaining a greater f TBmax , for which the caudal fin plays a more important role during swimming, than a poor swimmer. The M O2active of fish (common carp) with a redundant respiratory capacity could increase due to caudal fin loss to meet the increase in energy expenditure required by an increase in f TBmax . In addition, the sustained swimming performance may not be the only selective pressure acting on caudal fin size in these three species, and the present caudal fin size may be a trade-off between sustain swimming performance and other factors (e.g. sexual selection, escape responses). Supplementary material available online at