The effect of acclimation to hypoxia and sustained exercise on subsequent hypoxia tolerance and swimming performance in goldfish (<i>Carassius auratus</i>)

Fu, Shi‐Jian; Brauner, Colin J.; Cao, Zhen-Dong; Richards, Jeffrey G.; Peng, Jiang-Lan; Dhillon, Rashpal S.; Wang, Yuxiang

doi:10.1242/jeb.053132

Cited by 116 publications

(100 citation statements)

References 59 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…Our closed-chamber calorespirometry experiments yielded a P crit of 3.0± 0.3 kPa (Fig. 1), consistent with the P crit values reported in other studies on goldfish (Fry and Hart, 1948;Fu et al, 2011). However, contrary to our hypothesis that MRD is initiated at hypoxic Pw O2 values just below P crit , metabolic heat was maintained at routine normoxic levels to a Pw O2 of 0.67 kPa, and MRD was only evident in goldfish exposed to anoxia.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 91%

Calorespirometry reveals that goldfish prioritize aerobic metabolism over metabolic rate depression in all but near-anoxic environments

Regan

Gill

Richards

2016

Journal of Experimental Biology

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Metabolic rate depression (MRD) has long been proposed as the key metabolic strategy of hypoxic survival, but surprisingly, the effects of changes in hypoxic O 2 tensions (Pw O2 ) on MRD are largely unexplored. We simultaneously measured the O 2 consumption rate (Ṁ O2 ) and metabolic heat of goldfish using calorespirometry to test the hypothesis that MRD is employed at hypoxic Pw O2 values and initiated just below P crit , the Pw O2 below which Ṁ O2 is forced to progressively decline as the fish oxyconforms to decreasing Pw O2 . Specifically, we used closed-chamber and flow-through calorespirometry together with terminal sampling experiments to examine the effects of Pw O2 and time on Ṁ O2 , metabolic heat and anaerobic metabolism (lactate and ethanol production). The closedchamber and flow-through experiments yielded slightly different results. Under closed-chamber conditions with a continually decreasing Pw O2 , goldfish showed a P crit of 3.0±0.3 kPa and metabolic heat production was only depressed at Pw O2 between 0 and 0.67 kPa. Under flow-through conditions with Pw O2 held at a variety of oxygen tensions for 1 and 4 h, goldfish also initiated MRD between 0 and 0.67 kPa but maintained Ṁ O2 to 0.67 kPa, indicating that P crit is at or below this Pw O2 . Anaerobic metabolism was strongly activated at Pw O2 ≤1.3 kPa, but only used within the first hour at 1.3 and 0.67 kPa, as anaerobic end-products did not accumulate between 1 and 4 h exposure. Taken together, it appears that goldfish reserve MRD for near-anoxia, supporting routine metabolic rate at sub-P crit Pw O2 values with the help of anaerobic glycolysis in the closed-chamber experiments, and aerobically after an initial (<1 h) activation of anaerobic metabolism in the flow-through experiments, even at 0.67 kPa Pw O2 .

show abstract

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 91%

Calorespirometry reveals that goldfish prioritize aerobic metabolism over metabolic rate depression in all but near-anoxic environments

Regan

Gill

Richards

2016

Journal of Experimental Biology

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…The reason may be because the limitation of U crit in some fish species was caused by the mobilization, transportation and utilization of energy fuels rather than the oxygen availability. This result has been clearly de mon strated in species such as darkbarbel catfish Pelteobagrus vachelli ), common carp Cyprinus carpio (Zhang et al 2010) and crucian carp (Zhang et al 2012) (a so-called additive metabolic mode compared to a locomotion priority mode in species whose swimming activity can oc cupy all of their cardio-respiratory capacity; Fu et al 2011). For these types of species, a moderate DO decrease may not affect U crit .…”

Section: Effect Of Do On Swimming Performancementioning

confidence: 94%

Effect of temperature and dissolved oxygen on swimming performance in crucian carp

Penghan¹,

Cao²,

Fu³

2014

Aquat. Biol.

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Changing environmental conditions may affect the swimming performance of fish by affecting energy sources through changes in temperature and concentration of dissolved oxygen (DO). It has become increasingly important to investigate the effect of temperature and DO on the swimming performance of fish species as hypoxia in aquatic environments worldwide is increasing due to the effects of anthropogenic global warming. To test how different swimming modes respond to thermal and DO changes, 3 measures of swimming performance were tested: critical swimming speed (U crit ), constant acceleration speed (U cat ), and maximum speed during a fast-start (U fast ). The changes in these 3 aspects of swimming performance in juvenile crucian carp Carassius carassius were quantified at 2 different temperatures (10 and 20°C) and 3 different DO concentrations (2.5, 5, and 9 mg l −1 ). U cat was ca. 110 to 156% of U crit , whereas U fast was ca. 394 to 472% of U crit , depending on the experimental conditions. Temperature had a significant effect on all 3 measures of swimming performance, whereas DO had significant effects only on U cat and U crit (U crit but not U cat decreased in the 2.5 mg l −1 DO group). The active metabolic rate (MO 2active ) under the different experimental conditions suggested that the decrease in U crit at a lower temperature and DO level could be partially explained by a decrease in oxygen uptake capacity. These results indicate that all 3 swimming measurements should be used when addressing how temperature affects swimming performance.

show abstract

“…In relation to this, it is important to bear in mind that prolonged exposure to hypoxia without access to air, as occurs during the winter, would probably initially make the fish hypoxemic (Randall et al, 1981b;Hedrick et al, 1994), and this hypoxemia could induce compensatory changes in, for example, oxygen-carrying capacity (Graham, 1983;Petersen and Gamperl, 2011), oxygen affinity (Weber et al, 1979;Graham, 1983) and cardio-respiratory parameters (Graham, 1983;Burleson et al, 2002;Petersen and Gamperl, 2011;Porteus et al, 2014), which would ultimately improve P crit (e.g. Fu et al, 2011). Inclusion of acclimation to hypoxia without access to air in future studies on the Alaska blackfish is of obvious interest, though it may be challenging and demand careful considerations regarding how to best replicate field conditions in the laboratory.…”

Section: Research Articlementioning

confidence: 99%

Air breathing in the Arctic: influence of temperature, hypoxia, activity and restricted air access on respiratory physiology of Alaska blackfish (Dallia pectoralis)

Lefevre

Damsgaard

Pascale

et al. 2014

Journal of Experimental Biology

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

The Alaska blackfish (Dallia pectoralis) is an air-breathing fish native to Alaska and the Bering Sea islands, where it inhabits lakes that are ice-covered in the winter, but enters warm and hypoxic waters in the summer to forage and reproduce. To understand the respiratory physiology of this species under these conditions and the selective pressures that maintain the ability to breathe air, we acclimated fish to 5°C and 15°C and used respirometry to measure: standard oxygen uptake (Ṁ O2 ) in normoxia (19.8 kPa P O2 ) and hypoxia (2.5 kPa), with and without access to air; partitioning of standard Ṁ O2 in normoxia and hypoxia; maximum Ṁ O2 and partitioning after exercise; and critical oxygen tension (P crit ). Additionally, the effects of temperature acclimation on haematocrit, haemoglobin oxygen affinity and gill morphology were assessed. Standard Ṁ O2 was higher, but air breathing was not increased, at 15°C or after exercise at both temperatures. Fish acclimated to 5°C or 15°C increased air breathing to compensate and fully maintain standard Ṁ O2 in hypoxia. Fish were able to maintain Ṁ O2 through aquatic respiration when air was denied in normoxia, but when air was denied in hypoxia, standard Ṁ O2 was reduced by ~30-50%. P crit was relatively high (5 kPa) and there were no differences in P crit , gill morphology, haematocrit or haemoglobin oxygen affinity at the two temperatures. Therefore, Alaska blackfish depends on air breathing in hypoxia and additional mechanisms must thus be utilised to survive hypoxic submergence during the winter, such as hypoxia-induced enhancement in the capacities for carrying and binding blood oxygen, behavioural avoidance of hypoxia and suppression of metabolic rate.

show abstract

The effect of acclimation to hypoxia and sustained exercise on subsequent hypoxia tolerance and swimming performance in goldfish (Carassius auratus)

Cited by 116 publications

References 59 publications

Calorespirometry reveals that goldfish prioritize aerobic metabolism over metabolic rate depression in all but near-anoxic environments

Calorespirometry reveals that goldfish prioritize aerobic metabolism over metabolic rate depression in all but near-anoxic environments

Effect of temperature and dissolved oxygen on swimming performance in crucian carp

Air breathing in the Arctic: influence of temperature, hypoxia, activity and restricted air access on respiratory physiology of Alaska blackfish (Dallia pectoralis)

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About