The Effect of Exercise on Hippocampal Integrity: Review of Recent Research

Király, Michael A.; Kiraly, Stephen J.

doi:10.2190/hx7l-4b40-pqny-2a4p

Cited by 51 publications

(23 citation statements)

References 78 publications

(90 reference statements)

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“…However, different levels of PT intensity (high, moderate or low) induce different adaptations in the body. In contrast to high-intensity PT, moderate-to-low-intensity training leads to increased antioxidant defenses and has a preventive and therapeutic role in major diseases associated with oxidative stress [3,[12][13][14][15][16][17].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Swimming training induces liver adaptations to oxidative stress and insulin sensitivity in rats submitted to high-fat diet

et al. 2017

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(2017) Swimming training induces liver adaptations to oxidative stress and insulin sensitivity in rats submitted to high-fat diet, Redox Report, 22:6, 515-523, DOI: 10.1080/13510002.2017 Oxidative stress, physical inactivity and high-fat (FAT) diets are associated with hepatic disorders such as metabolic syndrome (MS). The therapeutic effects of physical training (PT) were evaluated in rats with MS induced by FAT diet for 13 weeks, on oxidative stress and insulin signaling in the liver, during the last 6 weeks. FAT-sedentary (SED) rats increased body mass, retroperitoneal fat, mean arterial pressure (MAP) and heart rate (HR), and total cholesterol, serum alanine aminotransferase, glucose and insulin. Livers of FAT-SED rats increased superoxide dismutase activity, thiobarbituric acid-reactive substances, protein carbonyl and oxidized glutathione (GSSG); and decreased catalase activity, reduced glutathione/GSSG ratio, and the mRNA expression of insulin receptor substrate 1 (IRS-1) and serine/threonine kinase 2. FAT-PT rats improved in fitness and reduced their body mass, retroperitoneal fat, and glucose, insulin, total cholesterol, MAP and HR; and their livers increased superoxide dismutase and catalase activities, the reduced glutathione/GSSG ratio and the expression of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma and insulin receptor compared to FAT-SED rats. These findings indicated adaptive responses to PT by restoring the oxidative balance and insulin signaling in the liver and certain biometric and biochemical parameters as well as MAP in MS rats.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Swimming training induces liver adaptations to oxidative stress and insulin sensitivity in rats submitted to high-fat diet

et al. 2017

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“…Consistent with these epidemiological studies, a limited number of clinical trials have linked increased physical activity in healthy elderly adults to improved cognition, particularly executive functioning (Colcombe et al, 2003; Colcombe & Kramer, 2003; Colcombe, Kramer, McAuley, Erickson, & Scalf, 2004; Kramer et al, 2003; van Gelder et al, 2004). Human epidemiological, clinical and neuroimaging studies are supported by animal research which has showed enhanced cerebral function through the upregulation of neurotrophic factors (Cotman, Berchtold, & Christie, 2007), increased neurogenesis (Pereira et al, 2007; van Praag, Kempermann, & Gage, 1999; van Praag, Shubert, Zhao, & Gage, 2005), increased blood flow (Pereira et al, 2007), and reduced oxidative stress (Kiraly & Kiraly, 2005), as well as reduced β-amyloid (Adlard, Perreau, Pop, & Cotman, 2005) in response to exercise. Taken together, these findings support the premise that exercise has beneficial effects on cognition and brain function.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Walking stabilizes cognitive functioning in Alzheimer's disease (AD) across one year

Winchester

Dick

Gillen

et al. 2013

Archives of Gerontology and Geriatrics

103

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AD is a public health epidemic, which seriously impacts cognition, mood and daily activities; however, one type of activity, exercise, has been shown to alter these states. Accordingly, we sought to investigate the relationship between exercise and mood, in early-stage AD patients (N = 104) from California, over a 1-year period. Patients completed the Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE), Geriatric Depression Scale (GDS), and Blessed-Roth Dementia Rating Scale (BRDRS), while their caregivers completed the Yale Physical Activity Survey (YALE), Profile of Mood States (POMS), the Neuropsychiatric Inventory (NPI) and Functional Abilities Questionnaire (FAQ). Approximately half of the participants were female, from a variety of ethnic groups (Caucasian = 69.8%; Latino/Hispanic Americans = 20.1%). Our results demonstrated that the patients spent little time engaged in physical activity in general, their overall activity levels decreased over time, and this was paired with a change in global cognition (e.g., MMSE total score) and affect/mood (e.g., POMS score). Patients were parsed into Active and Sedentary groups based on their Yale profiles, with Active participants engaged in walking activities, weekly, over 1 year. Here, Sedentary patients had a significant decline in MMSE scores, while the Active patients had an attenuation in global cognitive decline. Importantly, among the Active AD patients, those individuals who engaged in walking for more than 2 h/week had a significant improvement in MMSE scores. Structured clinical trials which seek to increase the amount of time AD patients were engaged in walking activities and evaluate the nature and scope of beneficial effects in the brain are warranted.

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“…The olfactory discrimination learning protected against the deficits in cognitive abilities and sensorimotor processing performance induced by MK-801. Similarly, evidence has accrued to suggest that exercising, physical training and learning may impede aging-related processes induce structural changes, aid recovery from memory deficits and brain lesions (Rampon et al 2000), and ameliorate cognitive function in older adults and AD patients (Kiraly and Kiraly 2005).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Olfactory learning prevents MK-801-induced psychosis-like behaviour in an animal model of schizophrenia

Naimark

Barkai

Michael

et al. 2008

The World Journal of Biological Psychiatry

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There is mounting evidence to support the concept that education is associated with the formation of a functional reserve in the brain, a process that appears to provide some protection against certain aspects of severe central nervous system disorders. The goal of this study was to examine whether learning prevents psychosis-like behaviour in an animal model of schizophrenia. A series of behavioural tasks were used to assess olfactory learning-induced protection against the effects of NMDA channel blocker, MK801. This blocker caused sensory-motor disturbances, spatial learning acquisition deficit, and swimming strategy alterations in pseudo-trained and naive rats, but had a considerably lesser effect on trained rats. In sharp contrast, olfactory learning provided no protection against d-amphetamine application. Our data support the notion that learning-induced protection against schizophrenic behaviour is maintained by non-NMDA-mediated enhanced activation of local connections in the relevant cortical networks.

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The Effect of Exercise on Hippocampal Integrity: Review of Recent Research

Cited by 51 publications

References 78 publications

Swimming training induces liver adaptations to oxidative stress and insulin sensitivity in rats submitted to high-fat diet

Swimming training induces liver adaptations to oxidative stress and insulin sensitivity in rats submitted to high-fat diet

Walking stabilizes cognitive functioning in Alzheimer's disease (AD) across one year

Olfactory learning prevents MK-801-induced psychosis-like behaviour in an animal model of schizophrenia

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