The Effect of Estrogen Replacement Therapy on Visceral Fat, Serum Glucose, Lipid Profiles and Apelin Level in Ovariectomized Rats

Abstract

ObjectivesOvarian hormones have been shown to regulate body weight, intra-abdominal fat accumulation and plasma level of cytokines. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of estrogen replacement therapy on visceral adipose tissue, plasma level of apelin, lipid profiles, and glucose in ovariectomized (OVX) rats.MethodsThirty female Wistar rats were divided into OVX (n = 20) and sham (n = 10) groups. OVX rats were subdivided into estrogen replacement therapy (OVX+est; n = 10) receiving 17 β-estradiol valerates (30 µg/kg, s.c., 5 day/week, for eight weeks), and vehicle control group receiving sesame oil same as experiment group (OVX+ses oil; n = 10). After the treatments, all groups were sacrificed and blood samples were collected, visceral fats were taken from the abdominal cavity and weighed immediately. Apelin were measured using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay kits. Lipid profiles and glucose were measured using the enzymatic colorimetric method. Data were analyzed with one-way analysis of variance and (P < 0.05) determined as the statistical significance level.ResultsAfter eight weeks, body weight, body mass index (BMI), visceral fat, apelin and lipid profiles (P < 0.01) were increased significantly in OVX rats compared to sham group. Treatment with estrogen leads to significant reduction in body weight and BMI (P < 0.05), there was no significant change in serum apelin level in OVX+est rats compared to OVX+ses.ConclusionsThese results suggest that estradiol replacement therapy successfully attenuated some of the metabolic syndrome components, and apelin does not probably stand as a mediator of these physiological functions.

Effects of Sesamin, the Major Furofuran Lignan of Sesame Oil, on the Amplitude and Gating of Voltage-Gated Na+ and K+ Currents

“…Similar to the ranolazine or perampanel action on I Na described previously [23,25], the inhibitory effect of SSM on ion currents seen herein may be responsible for its wide spectrum of effects observed in vivo [3,54]. Additionally, caution needs to be taken in the interpretation of sesame oil as a fat-soluble vehicle [55][56][57].…”

Estrogen receptor alpha regulates the expression of adipogenic genes genetically and epigenetically in rat bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells

“…Thus, estrogen treatment reverses this induced effect caused by a lack of estrogen suppressing gene transcription. These results agree with observations that report estrogen ERα dependent regulation of adipose tissue formation and decrease in body fat distribution via estrogen replacement in early postmenopausal women ( Babaei et al, 2017 ; Pedersen et al, 1992 ; Dang & Löwik, 2004 ). Moreover, within the mesenchymal lineage, RUNX2 and PPARγ are major factors that are responsible for osteogenic and adipogenic differentiation, respectively ( Meyer et al, 2016 ).…”

Effect of high intensity interval training on body composition in women before and after menopause: a meta‐analysis

“…In addition, it was found that activation of the ERα receptors could stimulate adrenergic β receptors in the visceral tissue, enhancing the process of lipolysis and in this way reducing abdominal FM in premenopausal women (Kozakowski et al., 2017). These observations explain why oestrogen deficiency during menopause is associated with an increase in total FM and more specifically, in visceral FM (Babaei et al., 2017). Alongside these adaptations, postmenopausal women have a lower resting metabolic rate, a decrease in total energy expenditure, and reduced of fat oxidation during prolonged exercise (Gavin, Kohrt, Klemm, & Melanson, 2018; Poehlman et al., 2002).…”