The effect of episodic future simulation and motivation on young children’s induced-state episodic foresight

Mahy, Caitlin E. V.; Masson, Chelsey; Krause, Amanda; Mazachowsky, Tessa R.

doi:10.1016/j.cogdev.2020.100934

Cited by 7 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 50 publications

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“…It is therefore possible that performance suffered more as the attractiveness and novelty of gaining stickers was gradually compromised as the task continued. As a result, motivation (to gain stickers) may decrease, which can influence children's future-oriented decision making [92]. We note that there was no significant order effect in Experiment 2, so perhaps children gained sufficient experience through Experiment 1 (experiencing both conditions) so testing order no longer influenced performance.…”

Section: Plos Onementioning

confidence: 80%

Waiting for the better reward: Comparison of delay of gratification in young children across two cultures

et al. 2021

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Delay of gratification–a form of self-control–is the ability to forsake immediately available rewards in order to obtain larger-valued outcomes in future, which develops throughout the pre-school years. The majority of previous research in this area has been conducted with Western populations, therefore knowledge of Eastern children’s performance is scarcer. Here, utilising on a recently published dataset of British children (n = 61), we further tested delay of gratification in 3 to 5-year-old Chinese children (n = 75) using Bramlett et al.’s (2012) delay choice paradigm. The paradigm was previously used in non-human primates and it featured a mechanized rotating tray that sequentially moves rewards within reach. Additionally, we administered 3 inhibitory control tasks and 1 standardised delay choice task to Chinese pre-schoolers (British children were not tested). We aimed to investigate the influence of culture, reward type and reward visibility on pre-schoolers’ ability to delay gratification. We found significant age-related improvements in delay of gratification ability in both countries and children performed better when presented with rewards varying in quality than quantity. Consistent with previous cross-cultural literature, Chinese children showed better overall performance than their British peers when reward visibility was manipulated (though reward visibility itself had no significant effect on performance). There were significant correlations in Chinese children’s performance in Bramlett et al.’s (2012) delay choice paradigm and performance in some (though not all tested) inhibitory control tasks. We discuss these results in relation to task demands and the broader social orientation of self-control. We concluded that the intuitive comparative assessment of self-control task taps into children’s delay of gratification ability. Our results emphasize the importance of testing for socio-cultural influences on children’s cognitive development.

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Section: Plos Onementioning

confidence: 80%

Waiting for the better reward: Comparison of delay of gratification in young children across two cultures

et al. 2021

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“…El primero de ellos consiste en los cambios metodológicos de aplicar cuestionarios y experimentos de forma online a través de aplicativos como Amazon Mechanical Turk (Gaesser et al, 2020) La evidencia científica hasta la fecha reporta que luego de realizar tareas de SE los participantes elevan su nivel de intención de ayuda (Gaesser et al, 2020); de igual forma, indica que entre más vivida sea la SE, más alto será el nivel de empatía afectiva (Vollberg et al, 2021) y, por tanto, se presentan conductas de ayudas entre grupos; sin embargo, en la presente investigación, aunque los resultados de SE indican que los escenarios de ayuda fueron vividos en un alto nivel y que los resultados de empatía evaluada con el IRI se encuentran correlacionados entre sí, no se presentan más conductas de ayuda si dichas variables se encuentran presentes dentro de un contexto de competencia. Otras investigaciones recientes indican que emplear SE en ambientes controlados dentro del laboratorio no logra inducir las respuestas esperadas (Mahy et al, 2020); por el contrario, imaginar la posibilidad de hacerle daño a otras personas cuando se considera moralmente justificado aumenta la probabilidad de que se realicen acciones que hieran al otro (Morris et al, 2022); esto, asociado a la alta identidad intragrupal, puede explicar por qué no se presentaron conductas de ayuda ni en los AC ni en los contextos neutros.…”

Section: Discussionunclassified

El rol de la simulación episódica en el despliegue de conductas prosociales en ambientes competitivos de contextos intergrupales

Alean Molinares,

Franco Chalco

2023

Rev Psicol Hered.

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Este estudio examinó el efecto modulador de la simulación episódica en la relación entre ambientes competitivos y conductas prosociales en contextos intergrupales. En una muestra de 120 estudiantes universitarios de Santa Marta, Colombia, se observó que la presencia de un ambiente competitivo disminuye las conductas de ayuda encomparación con entornos no competitivos. La simulación episódica no altera la probabilidad de manifestación de conductas prosociales en ambientes competitivos. Estos resultados contrastan con investigaciones previas y sugieren la influencia de diversos factores metodológicos y contextuales. Se discuten las implicaciones para el diseño de futuras investigaciones que aborden la simulación episódica y la dinámica intergrupal, destacando la necesidad de considerar condiciones más ecológicas y realistas en los paradigmas de investigación.

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“…Second, future studies would also do well to include additional experimental conditions where adults make a preference choice for the present after thirst is induced to better determine the effect of the current state on present versus future reasoning (e.g., [ 4 ]), or make choices between water and a food item that differs from the food provided to induce thirst (i.e., pretzels) to rule out sensory-specific satiety (for review see [ 38 ]). For example, research has shown that when preschool children who have consumed pretzels to induce thirst are given the choice between water and a novel, more motivating food item (i.e., a cupcake), the majority of children choose a cupcake over water for both the future and the present [ 39 ]. Thus, the influence of the current state on preference choice may be dampened when a novel food item is presented.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“These pretzels are making me thirsty” so I’ll have water tomorrow: A partial replication and extension of adults’ induced-state episodic foresight

et al. 2021

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The ability to consider the future under the influence of an induced current state is known as induced-state episodic foresight. One study to date has examined adults’ induced episodic foresight and found that adults’ (like children’s) preferences for the future are related to their current state such that they predicted wanting water (vs. pretzels) in the future when experiencing a current state of thirst [1]. We attempted to replicate these findings in adults. In Study 1, adults (N = 198) in a laboratory selected pretzels for tomorrow at the same rate (around 20%) in an experimental condition (thirst induced) and a control condition (thirst not induced). In a lecture, 32% of adults preferred pretzels for tomorrow without thirst induction (Study 2, N = 63). Partially replicating Kramer et al. [1], we found that a minority of adults preferred pretzels (vs. water) when experiencing a current state of thirst. However, in contrast to their findings, our results showed that when thirst was not induced, a minority of adults also preferred pretzels for tomorrow. Thus, adults’ future preference was similar regardless of thirst induction. We also tested thirst as a mechanism for adults’ preference for the future and found that across conditions adults’ thirst predicted their choice of water (vs. pretzels) for the future. In sum, our results partially replicated Kramer et al. [1] by showing the current state, regardless of thirst induction, predicts adults’ choices for the future.

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The effect of episodic future simulation and motivation on young children’s induced-state episodic foresight

Cited by 7 publications

References 50 publications

Waiting for the better reward: Comparison of delay of gratification in young children across two cultures

Waiting for the better reward: Comparison of delay of gratification in young children across two cultures

El rol de la simulación episódica en el despliegue de conductas prosociales en ambientes competitivos de contextos intergrupales

“These pretzels are making me thirsty” so I’ll have water tomorrow: A partial replication and extension of adults’ induced-state episodic foresight

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