The effect of environmental factors on phytoplankton growth: Temperature and the interactions of temperature with nutrient limitation1

Rhee, G‐Yull; Gotham, Ivan J.

doi:10.4319/lo.1981.26.4.0635

Cited by 335 publications

(236 citation statements)

References 24 publications

(24 reference statements)

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“…Morris et al [25] studied the growth of alga, Phaeodactylum tricornutum, a marine diatom, and reported a considerable increase in protein synthesis rates at night with lower the temperatures, presumably due to the fact that protein synthesis is a significant component of nighttime algal metabolism [82]. Similarly, Rhee and Gotham [83] observed an increase in protein concentration in Scenedesmus sp. with decreasing temperature.…”

Section: Temperaturementioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of Environmental Factors and Nutrient Availability on the Biochemical Composition of Algae for Biofuels Production: A Review

2013

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Due to significant lipid and carbohydrate production as well as other useful properties such as high production of useful biomolecular substrates (e.g., lipids) and the ability to grow using non-potable water sources, algae are being explored as a potential high-yield feedstock for biofuels production. In both natural and engineered systems, algae can be exposed to a variety of environmental conditions that affect growth rate and cellular composition. With respect to the latter, the amount of carbon fixed in lipids and carbohydrates (e.g., starch) is highly influenced by environmental factors and nutrient availability. Understanding synergistic interactions between multiple environmental variables and nutritional factors is required to develop sustainable high productivity bioalgae systems, which are essential for commercial biofuel production. This article reviews the effects of environmental factors (i.e., temperature, light and pH) and nutrient availability (e.g., carbon, nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, and trace metals) as well as cross-interactions on the biochemical composition of algae with a special focus on carbon fixation and partitioning of carbon from a biofuels perspective.

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Section: Temperaturementioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of Environmental Factors and Nutrient Availability on the Biochemical Composition of Algae for Biofuels Production: A Review

2013

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“…Although models for the interactions of limiting nutrients with temperature of the temperature effects and light limitations have been proposed (24,25), the actual (very limited) data collected have shown that neither multiplicative nor additive models can explain the interactions of temperature or light with nutrient (N or P) limitation (26,27). Varying two factors simultaneously resulted in larger effects on growth rates then would be predicted by such models.…”

Section: Returning Tomentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of Fluctuating Environments on the Selection of High Yielding Microalgae

Benemann¹,

Tillett²

1987

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Microalgae have the potential of producing biomass with a high content of lipids at high productivities using seawater or saline ground water resources. Microalgal lipids are similar to vegetable oils and suitable for processing to liquid fuels. Engineering Icost analysis studies have concluded that, at a favorable site, microalgae cultivation for fuel production could be economically viable. The major uncertainties involve the microalgae themselves: biomass and lipid productivity and culture stability.The mass culture of microalgae for low cost lipids production requires a detailed understanding of both the physiology of lipid biosynthesis by the selected algal strains and of the factors making these strains competitive in outdoor ponds. Mass culture systems will, because of climatic variability, the day-night cycle, and inherent design factors, exhibit fluctuations in key parameters affecting algal growth, productivity and competitiveness: temperature, pH, po?, pC02' light, and nutrient availability. This project has for ~ts overall objective to quantitate the effects of such fluctuations on culture productivity and species competitiveness. A second objective has been the development of basic information on algal physiology as it relates to lipid productivity.Species competition experiments with several strains of algae isolated by the SERI/DOE Aquatic Species Program, some of which were previously used in outdoor mass cultures, were carried out. In these experiments certain parameters proved to be more important then others in determining species succession: fluctuating p02 was more important than fluctuating temperature, which was more important than fluctuating pH. These results must be extended to other species and conditions to determine how far these findings can be generalized. Future work will concentrate on comparing unialgal to mixed culture experiments and on elucidating the specific environmental factors that impact on species productivity and competitiveness.To help guide this work, a computer model was developed capable of predicting the amplitude and frequency of the environmental parameters (p02' pH, PC02, temperature, and light intensity) over the diurnal cycle throughout the year at any location for which climatic data is available. This model must still be validated with data collected from operating ponds.Using one algal strain, "Nanno Q" (Nannochloropsis sp.), as a test organism we also have investigated strategies for maximizing lipid productivity. Our data suggest a two stage process: the first stage is operated at the highest density permitting maximal productivity and the second stage at a higher light input (lower standing biomass or cell density) and under conditions of nitrogen starvation. Such a two stage system is more productive than a continuous nitrogen limited culture process. Future work in this area should utilize algal strains that have previously been selected for their competitiveness under outdoor conditions.

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“…This may be explained by the higher metabolic demand and the likelihood of nutrient limitation of cellular processes at higher temperatures (Rhee & Gotham 1981), as colony formation is considered to decrease nutrient uptake by Phaeocystis cells due to the presence of diffusive boundary layers (Ploug et al 1999). Also, the solitary form of Phaeocystis arguably has diverse nutritional strategies (Verity & Medlin 2003).…”

Section: Solitary Vs Colonial Formsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Temperature effects on growth, colony development and carbon partitioning in three Phaeocystis species

Wang¹,

Tang²,

Wang³

et al. 2010

Aquat. Biol.

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ABSTRACT:Phaeocystis is an ecologically important marine phytoplankton genus that is globally distributed. We examined the effects of temperature on the 3 most common species: P. globosa, P. antarctica, and P. pouchetii, which grew at 16-32, 0-6, and 4-8°C, respectively. P. pouchetii did not form colonies; P. globosa formed colonies at 16, 20, and 24°C, and P. antarctica colonies were observed at all temperatures. More cells were partitioned into the colonial form at lower temperatures than at higher temperatures for P. globosa and P. antarctica. P. globosa colony size decreased with temperature, whereas P. antarctica colony size showed no distinct response to temperature. Numbers of cells per unit of colony surface area of P. globosa and P. antarctica were lowest at temperatures where highest growth rates and colonial abundances were observed; more organic carbon was partitioned into solitary cell biomass at higher temperatures, whereas the carbon concentration of colonies was not affected by temperature. Maximum quantum yield of P. antarctica and P. globosa exhibited subtle responses to temperature, whereas that of P. pouchetii was relatively invariant within the growth temperature range. Future changes in sea surface temperature may dramatically alter the ecology and biogeochemical cycles of systems dominated by Phaeocystis spp. and result in further degradation, via oxygen depletion and altered food web structure. KEY WORDS: Phaeocystis spp. · Temperature · Colony formation · Carbon partitioningResale or republication not permitted without written consent of the publisher

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The effect of environmental factors on phytoplankton growth: Temperature and the interactions of temperature with nutrient limitation1

Cited by 335 publications

References 24 publications

Effects of Environmental Factors and Nutrient Availability on the Biochemical Composition of Algae for Biofuels Production: A Review

Effects of Environmental Factors and Nutrient Availability on the Biochemical Composition of Algae for Biofuels Production: A Review

Effects of Fluctuating Environments on the Selection of High Yielding Microalgae

Temperature effects on growth, colony development and carbon partitioning in three Phaeocystis species

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