The Effect of Environment on Sexual Reproduction of <i>Gibberella Zeae</i>

Tschanz, A. T.; Horst, R. Kenneth; Nelson, Paul E.

doi:10.1080/00275514.1976.12019914

Cited by 36 publications

(22 citation statements)

References 7 publications

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“…Ascospores of G. zeae are preferentially released at night (Paulitz, 1996) and the formation of perithecia depends on light (Tschanz et al, 1976). The present results established that the time courses of germination were not significantly affected by photon flux densities up to 494 lmol m )2 s )1 PAR.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 52%

“…In the present study, ascospore discharge was observed at 67 ± 11 days after inoculation. This discrepancy may be related to the fact that the light regimes used by Tschanz et al (1976) and Trail et al (2002) could not be reproduced and light affects the formation of perithecia (Tschanz et al, 1976) and, hence, the period of time required for ascospore production. Moreover, variation has been reported between different isolates of G. zeae, in particular on the (molecular) genetic level (Miedaner et al, 2001) and with respect to aggressiveness and mycotoxin production (Gilbert et al, 2001), but the effect of isolate on the time course of macroconidial germination was rather small (Beyer et al, 2004).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 81%

“…Even though direct experimental evidence for differences between mature and immature ascospores is currently missing, only ascospores were used in this study that were discharged from perithecia to avoid the utilization of immature spores. Tschanz et al (1976) and Trail et al (2002) studied the discharge of ascospores in G. zeae and found that ascospore discharge events started at 9 to 17 or approximately 15 days after inoculation, respectively. In the present study, ascospore discharge was observed at 67 ± 11 days after inoculation.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 98%

“…The environmental conditions favouring the formation of perithecia and the release of ascospores were studied in detail (Tschanz et al, 1976;Paulitz, 1999;Inch et al, 2000;Trail et al, 2002). In contrast, little information is available on the environmental conditions required for ascospore germination (Sung and Cook, 1981;Sutton, 1982) and survival (Jin et al, 2001).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 97%

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Germination of Gibberella zeae ascospores as affected by age of spores after discharge and environmental factors

Beyer

Verreet

2005

Eur J Plant Pathol

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The effects of age of ascospores (0-18 days after discharge), photon flux density (0-494 lmol m )2 s )1 PAR), temperature (4-30°C), frost ()15°C for 30 min), relative humidity (RH; 0-100%), pH (2.5-6.5) and dryness (0 and 53% RH for up to 40 min) on the germination of the ascospores of the mycotoxinproducing fungus Gibberella zeae (anamorph Fusarium graminearum) were studied. Freshly discharged ascospores germinated within 4 h at 20°C and 100% RH. The rate of germination and the percentage of viable ascospores decreased over time after the spores were discharged from perithecia. The time course of ascospore germination was not significantly affected by photon flux density. The period of time required to obtain 50% germinated ascospores at 100% RH was 26.90 h at 4°C, 10.40 h at 14°C, 3.44 h at 20°C and 3.31 h at 30°C. There was no significant effect of frost on the percentage of viable ascospores. A small percentage (6.6 ± 3.8%) of the ascospores germinated at 53% RH. At RH ‡ 84% and 20°C almost 100% of the freshly discharged ascospores germinated. The time course of ascospore germination was affected by pH. The maximum rate of ascospore germination was estimated to be at pH 3.76. Ascospores lost their ability to germinate following exposure to 0% RH almost instantaneously. No germinating spores were detected after an incubation period of 1 min at 0% RH. Incubating the ascospores at 53% RH decreased the percentage of viable spores from 93 to 6% within 10 min. The data demonstrate that age of spores, relative humidity, temperature and pH, but not photon flux density, are key factors in germination of G. zeae ascospores.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 52%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 81%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 98%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 97%

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Germination of Gibberella zeae ascospores as affected by age of spores after discharge and environmental factors

Beyer

Verreet

2005

Eur J Plant Pathol

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“…The light conditions used to favor conidiation in some strains, a combination of cool-white and near-UV lights usually under 12 h-light 12 h-dark cycles, are recommended for appropriate perithecia formation and routinely used for crossing purposes. The features of this light dependence have been investigated in F. graminearum (Gibberella zeae, Tschanz et al, 1976). In this species, perithecia are not formed in the dark, but 4 h of daily light are enough for their optimal production.…”

Section: Asexual and Sexual Developmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

Regulation by light in Fusarium

Ávalos

Estrada

2010

Fungal Genetics and Biology

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Insect ear‐feeding impacts Gibberella ear rot and deoxynivalenol accumulation in corn grain

Singh,

DiFonzo,

Fusilier

et al. 2024

Crop Forage & Turfgrass Mgmt

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High deoxynivalenol (DON) levels in corn (Zea mays L.) is a grain quality issue for many growers in the U.S. Great Lakes region. High DON levels can be attributed to the interaction of environment, pathogen (Fusarium spp. causing ear rot), and hybrid susceptibility. However, ear‐feeding insects can provide easy access for fungal infection and increase DON accumulation, hence evaluation of insect protection strategies such as hybrid insecticidal proteins is crucial. Field trials were conducted at four locations in Michigan to study the impact of hybrids insect protection trait on ear injury, ear rot infection, and DON levels. Fungicide application (prothioconazole at silking stage) was conducted at two locations and included non‐treated control. Insect feeding incidence (IFI) and ear rot incidence (ERI) were correlated at three locations but were stronger at locations with environments not conducive to fungal growth soon after silking. Correlation between IFI and DON was observed only at locations with highest insect pressure. Hybrid with Vip3A protein reduced IFI by >70% at all locations but lowered DON concentration at one out of three tested locations compared to non‐Vip3A hybrids. Fungicide application reduced ear rot severity at one of two locations but did not impact ERI or DON levels. Overall, results showed that ear‐feeding by insects can lead to an increase in ear rot and DON levels, and use of hybrids with Vip3A protein can reduce DON levels especially under high insect pressure.This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved

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The Effect of Environment on Sexual Reproduction of Gibberella Zeae

Cited by 36 publications

References 7 publications

Germination of Gibberella zeae ascospores as affected by age of spores after discharge and environmental factors

Germination of Gibberella zeae ascospores as affected by age of spores after discharge and environmental factors

Regulation by light in Fusarium

Insect ear‐feeding impacts Gibberella ear rot and deoxynivalenol accumulation in corn grain

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