Regulation by light in Fusarium

Ávalos, Javier; Estrada, Alejandro F.

doi:10.1016/j.fgb.2010.05.001

Cited by 94 publications

(85 citation statements)

References 107 publications

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“…As indicated above, light induces the synthesis of carotenoids in F. fujikuroi (6), a response similar to that observed in other fungi, as Neurospora crassa (20) or Phycomyces blakesleeanus (21). Additionally, light stimulates gibberellin biosynthesis in some F. fujikuroi strains (9), but this response is of a lesser magnitude compared to photocarotenogenesis and has barely been investigated. In N. crassa, a well-known photobiology model, most photoresponses are mediated by the "white collar" (WC) complex (22), a heterodimer formed by the proteins WC-1 and WC-2 (23).…”

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confidence: 64%

“…When grown in the light, surface-grown mycelia acquire a characteristic orange pigmentation due to the synthesis of carotenoids, with the xanthophyll neurosporaxanthin as a major component (6). The enzymatic genes for the synthesis of GAs (reviewed in reference 7), bikaverin (8), and carotenoids (9) have been identified, and with the exception of some genes of the carotenoid pathway, they are organized in transcriptionally coregulated clusters.…”

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confidence: 99%

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Light-Dependent Functions of the Fusarium fujikuroi CryD DASH Cryptochrome in Development and Secondary Metabolism

Castrillo

García-Martínez

Ávalos

2013

Appl Environ Microbiol

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DASH (Drosophila, Arabidopsis, Synechocystis, human) cryptochromes (cry-DASHs) constitute a subgroup of the photolyase cryptochrome family with diverse light-sensing roles, found in most taxonomical groups. The genome of Fusarium fujikuroi, a phytopathogenic fungus with a rich secondary metabolism, contains a gene encoding a putative cry-DASH, named CryD. The expression of the cryD gene is induced by light in the wild type, but not in mutants of the "white collar" gene wcoA. Targeted ⌬cryD mutants show light-dependent phenotypic alterations, including changes in morphology and pigmentation, which disappear upon reintroduction of a wild-type cryD allele. In addition to microconidia, the colonies of the ⌬cryD mutants produced under illumination and nitrogen starvation large septated spores called macroconidia, absent in wild-type colonies. The ⌬cryD mutants accumulated similar amounts of carotenoids to the control strain under constant illumination, but produced much larger amounts of bikaverin under nitrogen starvation, indicating a repressing role for CryD in this biosynthetic pathway. Additionally, a moderate photoinduction of gibberellin production was exhibited by the wild type but not by the ⌬cryD mutants. The phenotypic alterations of the ⌬cryD mutants were only noticeable in the light, as expected from the low expression of cryD in the dark, but did not correlate with mRNA levels for structural genes of the bikaverin or gibberellin biosynthetic pathways, suggesting the participation of CryD in posttranscriptional regulatory mechanisms. This is the first report on the participation of a cry-DASH protein in the regulation of fungal secondary metabolism.

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Light-Dependent Functions of the Fusarium fujikuroi CryD DASH Cryptochrome in Development and Secondary Metabolism

Castrillo

García-Martínez

Ávalos

2013

Appl Environ Microbiol

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“…The ascomycetes Neurospora crassa (referred to hereinafter as Neurospora) and Fusarium fujikuroi produce neurosporaxanthin, a C 35 apocarotenoic acid. The genes needed for the synthesis of this xanthophyll have been identified in both fungi (reviewed in reference 22,23), including those encoding the CCO enzyme CAO-2 in Neurospora (24) and its ortholog CarT in F. fujikuroi (25), which catalyze the formation of a C 35 apocarotenal that is further oxidized to neurosporaxanthin by the aldehyde dehydrogenase YLO-1 (26) or CarD (27). cao-2 and other genes involved in the neurosporaxanthin biosynthesis are regulated by light, as can be expected from the assumed photoprotective function of this pigment.…”

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The Oxygenase CAO-1 of Neurospora crassa Is a Resveratrol Cleavage Enzyme

et al. 2013

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bThe genome of the ascomycete Neurospora crassa encodes CAO-1 and CAO-2, two members of the carotenoid cleavage oxygenase family that target double bonds in different substrates. Previous studies demonstrated the role of CAO-2 in cleaving the C 40 carotene torulene, a key step in the synthesis of the C 35 apocarotenoid pigment neurosporaxanthin. In this work, we investigated the activity of CAO-1, assuming that it may provide retinal, the chromophore of the NOP-1 rhodopsin, by cleaving ␤-carotene.For this purpose, we tested CAO-1 activity with carotenoid substrates that were, however, not converted. In contrast and consistent with its sequence similarity to family members that act on stilbenes, CAO-1 cleaved the interphenyl C␣-C␤ double bond of resveratrol and its derivative piceatannol. CAO-1 did not convert five other similar stilbenes, indicating a requirement for a minimal number of unmodified hydroxyl groups in the stilbene background. Confirming its biological function in converting stilbenes, adding resveratrol led to a pronounced increase in cao-1 mRNA levels, while light, a key regulator of carotenoid metabolism, did not alter them. Targeted ⌬cao-1 mutants were not impaired by the presence of resveratrol, a phytoalexin active against different fungi, which did not significantly affect the growth and development of wild-type Neurospora. However, under partial sorbose toxicity, the ⌬cao-1 colonies exhibited faster radial growth than control strains in the presence of resveratrol, suggesting a moderate toxic effect of resveratrol cleavage products.

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“…WCC-based light regulatory systems exist in other filamentous ascomycetes, including phytopathogenic fungi (Corrochano, 2007;Avalos and Estrada, 2010), but the behavior of the wc mutants have been found to vary among species. the wcoA (ortholog of wc-1) gene disruption mutants of Fusarium fujikuroi exhibited phenotypes, partially different from that of the wc-1 mutants of Neurospora: the wcoA mutants retained the light-induced carotenogenesis, but showed drastic changes in secondary metabolite production.…”

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The white collar complex is essential for sexual reproduction but dispensable for conidiation and invasive growth inFusarium verticillioides

Bodor

Stubnya

Ádám

et al. 2013

Acta Phytopathologica et Entomologica Hungarica

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Fvwc1 and Fvwc2, orthologues of the wc-1 and wc-2 genes encoding for proteins of the white collar complex (WCC) in Neurospora crassa were cloned from Fusarium verticillioides and lack-of-function wc mutants were obtained by targeted gene disruption. Photo-conidiation was found to be absent in F. verticillioides, on the contrary, the wild type strain produced less conidia under continuous illumination than in the dark. Inactivation of any of the wc genes led to total female sterility, without affecting male fertility or asexual conidiation. no loss in colonization capability/invasive growth of the wc mutants was observed, when assessed on tomato fruits. Both Fvwc1 and Fvwc2 showed constitutive expression in the wild type cultures incubated in the dark and exposure to light caused only negligible increases in their transcription. Both Fvwc1 and Fvwc2 were down-regulated in a ∆Fvmat1-2-1 gene disruption mutant, lacking a functional mating type (mat1-2-1) gene, suggesting that the MAt1-2-1 product has a positive regulatory effect on the white collar genes.

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Regulation by light in Fusarium

Cited by 94 publications

References 107 publications

Light-Dependent Functions of the Fusarium fujikuroi CryD DASH Cryptochrome in Development and Secondary Metabolism

Light-Dependent Functions of the Fusarium fujikuroi CryD DASH Cryptochrome in Development and Secondary Metabolism

The Oxygenase CAO-1 of Neurospora crassa Is a Resveratrol Cleavage Enzyme

The white collar complex is essential for sexual reproduction but dispensable for conidiation and invasive growth inFusarium verticillioides

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