The effect of energy intake on nitrogen content of weight gained by recovering malnourished infants

MacLean, William C.; Graham, George G.

doi:10.1093/ajcn/33.4.903

Cited by 73 publications

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“…In the late phase of recovery, the composition of gain did not differ statistically from the early phase. The observation that the rate of weight gain did not influence the composition of gain differs from previous reports 43,44 , in which hypercaloric feedings and accelerated weight gain led to increased fat deposition. However, it is possible that protein at 5-6.4% of energy was limiting in the diet.…”

Section: Catch-up Growthcontrasting

confidence: 99%

Energy requirements of infants

Butte

2005

Public Health Nutr.

127

141

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Objective: To estimate the energy requirements of infants from total energy expenditure and energy deposition during growth. Design: Energy requirements during infancy were estimated from total energy expenditure measured by the doubly labelled water method and energy deposition based on measured protein and fat gains. Setting: Database on the total energy expenditure and energy deposition of infants was compiled from available studies conducted in China, Chile, Gambia, Mexico, Netherlands, UK, and USA. Subjects: Healthy, term infants. Results: Total energy requirements (kJ day 21 ) increased with age and were higher in boys than girls due to differences in weight. Energy requirements decreased from 473 kJ kg 21 per day for boys and 447 kJ kg 21 per day for girls at 1 month of age to 337 kJ kg 21 per day for boys and 341 kJ kg 21 per day for girls at 6 months of age, and thereafter tended to plateau. Energy deposition as a percentage of total energy requirements decreased from 40% at 1 month to 3% at 12 months of age. These estimates are 10 -32% lower than the 1985 FAO/WHO/UNU recommendations which were based on observed energy intakes of infants. Conclusions: Recommendations for the energy intake of infants should be revised based on new estimates of total energy expenditure and energy deposition.

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Section: Catch-up Growthcontrasting

confidence: 99%

Energy requirements of infants

Butte

2005

Public Health Nutr.

127

141

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“…In the initial stages of refeeding with high energy intakes (26), rapid weight gain reflects an increase in body fat (27,28), which is followed later by an increase in muscle mass (29). In our study, initial weight gain was primarily paralleled by an increase in fat-free mass, with protein not energy accounting for a significant amount of the variation in weight and length gain.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 46%

Adiposity Is Not Altered in Preterm Infants Fed With a Nutrient-Enriched Formula After Hospital Discharge

2010

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To determine whether adiposity was altered, body size (weight, length) and composition, determined by dual energy x-ray absorptiometry, were examined in preterm infants fed with a nutrient enriched (A, n ϭ 56), a term infant (B, n ϭ 57) or the nutrient enriched (discharge and term) plus the term formula (term and 6 mo; C, n ϭ 26), and a group of breast-fed preterm infants (D, n ϭ 25) at hospital discharge, 3, 6, and 12 mo corrected age. The results were analyzed using standard statistics. One hundred sixty-four infants (birth weight ϭ 1406 Ϯ 248 g, GA ϭ 31 Ϯ 1.7 wk) were studied. All infants underwent "catch-up," but weight and length were greater in infants in group A compared with groups B, C, or D. More rapid and complete "catch-up" was paralleled by increased total nonfat and fat mass (g) but not percentage of fat mass. Changes in fat mass (g) were primarily explained by increased fat accretion on the legs. More rapid and complete "catch-up" growth, therefore, reflected increased nonfat and peripheral fat mass. These data do not support the hypothesis of increased or central adiposity in infants fed a nutrient-enriched formula after hospital discharge. (Pediatr Res 67: 660-664, 2010)

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“…For example, renal concentrating ability remained severely compromised (57,58) and glucose intolerance and insulin secretion remained abnormal (59). Their body composition was also abnormal with much greater accumulation of adipose tissue than lean tissue (60,61); this was confirmed in Peru where nitrogen balance studies showed almost no nitrogen retention on such a diet (62). These are all profound abnormalities that had not recovered on the diets that were given at the time.…”

Section: Quality Of Recovery On Older Dietsmentioning

confidence: 98%

Evolution of nutritional management of acute malnutrition

Golden

2010

Indian Pediatr

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The effect of energy intake on nitrogen content of weight gained by recovering malnourished infants

Cited by 73 publications

References 0 publications

Energy requirements of infants

Energy requirements of infants

Adiposity Is Not Altered in Preterm Infants Fed With a Nutrient-Enriched Formula After Hospital Discharge

Evolution of nutritional management of acute malnutrition

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