Energy requirements of infants

Butte, Nancy F.

doi:10.1079/phn2005790

Cited by 127 publications

(152 citation statements)

References 51 publications

(45 reference statements)

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“…3. Equation_3: sum of individual calculated total energy expenditure (TEE) and energy cost of growth (ECG) assuming published values (12,20) , where To evaluate growth characteristics, mean body weight was compared with the reference body weight (23) taken from the 50th percentile of the WHO pooled breast-fed data set that was used for calculation of the RER (12) .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Validation of energy requirement equations for estimation of breast milk consumption in infants

Schoen

Sichert-Hellert

Kersting

2009

Public Health Nutr.

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Objective: To test equations for calculating infants' energy requirements as a simple and reliable instrument for estimating the amount of breast milk consumed in epidemiological studies where test-weighing is not possible. Design: Infants' energy requirements were calculated using three different equations based on reference data and compared with actual energy intakes assessed using the 3 d weighed dietary records of breast-fed infants from the DOrtmund Nutritional and Anthropometric Longitudinally Designed (DONALD) Study. Setting: A sub-sample of 323 infants from the German DONALD Study who were predominantly breast-fed for at least the first four months of life, and who had 3 d weighed dietary records and repeated body weight measurements within the first year of life. Subjects: Healthy, term infants breast-fed for at least 4 months, 0-12 months of age. Results: The overall differences between measured energy intake and calculated energy requirements were quite small, never more than 10 % of total energy intake, and smaller than the mean variance of energy intake between the three days of recording. The equation of best fit incorporated body weight and recent growth, while the worst fit was found for the equation not considering body weight. Conclusions: Breast milk consumption in fully and partially breast-fed infants can be reasonably quantified by calculating the infants' individual energy requirements via simple equations. This provides a feasible approach for estimating infant energy intake in epidemiological studies where test-weighing of breast milk is not possible. Keywords Energy intake Energy requirements Infants Breast milkData on the amount of breast milk consumed by exclusively as well as partially breast-fed infants are mandatory for various epidemiological purposes. For instance, such data are required for evaluating the intake of total energy and specific nutrients in infants (1,2) , for investigating the association between breast milk intake and growth (3,4) and for examining potential factors which influence breast milk consumption (5,6) . Various methods exist to estimate breast milk consumption including measurement of dose-to-the-mother 2 H 2 O turnover (1) , the test-weighing method (3,4) (where the infant is weighed before and after each breast milk feeding for 24 h), assumption of a specific breast milk volume depending on the feeding duration and age of the baby (5,7) , and the assumption of a single volume of breast milk (e.g. 750 ml/d) irrespective of the age of the breast-fed infant (2,8) .Each of these methods has specific advantages and disadvantages (9) . For example, dose-to-the-mother 2 H 2 O turnover and test-weighing are reportedly the most accurate methods (9) but are not feasible in large epidemiological studies due to the high costs, requirement for personnel and logistics involved. On the other hand, less complex and cheaper methods, such as assuming a single volume of breast milk, do not take into account age, sex, weight, growth or the amount of complementary...

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Validation of energy requirement equations for estimation of breast milk consumption in infants

Schoen

Sichert-Hellert

Kersting

2009

Public Health Nutr.

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“…Nutrient intake of the nonbreast-fed infants was obtained by 24-h recall administered by the same Vietnamese researcher. The diet records were analysed with a computer program (FoodWorks2.10, Xyris Software Pty Ltd, Highgate Hill, Queensland, Australia), based on the Australian food composition database NUTTAB95 (National Food Authority, 1995), and the results were compared to Recommended Dietary Intakes (RDIs) (Butte, 1996;Dewey et al, 1996). Energy, protein, carbohydrate and fat intakes were expressed per kg bodyweight and for energy and protein compared with RDIs.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…e Significantly higher than RDI (Butte, 1996) at Po0.001 (one-sample t-test). particularly with regard to questions related to mother's feeding history.…”

Section: Infant Growthmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Growth and feeding practices of Vietnamese infants in Australia

et al. 2004

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Objective: To investigate the growth and feeding practices in first-generation Vietnamese infants living in Australia. Design: Cohort study. Setting: The study was conducted between 1999 and 2002 in Sydney. Subjects: A total of 239 Vietnamese women were recruited randomly from antenatal clinics, and of these 210 were initially seen. During the first year, 20 cases (9.5%) were lost to follow-up. Data were collected at 0.5, 2, 4, 6, 9 and 12 months. Results: Vietnamese infants were significantly longer and heavier than reference data (both Po0.0001). The Vietnamese infants had a significant decline in weight growth with age compared with reference data (Po0.001). The Vietnamese infants had marginally higher s.d. score for ideal weight for length than reference data (P ¼ 0.044). There was a significant decline in ideal weight for length with age compared with reference data (P ¼ 0.0065). Both parents were significantly shorter (mean s.d. height scores: À1.570.8 (mother) and À1.870.8 (father)) than reference data (Po0.001). The incidence of breast feeding was 79%, but half of the breast feeding women had stopped breast feeding by 3 months. A total of 162 (79.8%) infants were given infant formula within the first week, of whom 131 (80.1%) were fed infant formula within the first 24 h after birth. Conclusions: Vietnamese infants in this study had growth comparable with reference data despite their parents being shorter than reference data. Breast feeding duration was short with infant formula being introduced early. Sponsorship:

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“…Reported correlation coefficients for energy and nutrients were 0Á18-0Á72 at 1 year, and 0Á26-0Á63 for 1-to 5-yearolds (23,24) ; and in a study of 6-month-old infants, comparing nutrient intakes from beverages (25) , published coefficients for calcium and vitamin D intakes of 0Á49 and 0Á80 were similar to ours of 0Á62 and 0Á86, respectively. A comparison of median values of energy intake per kilogram of body weight from the FFQ (424 kJ) and WD (370 kJ) with those from the dietary reference values (DRV) for formula-fed infants in the UK (400 kJ) (26) and energy requirements per kilogram for all infants determined from DLW studies (339 kJ) (27) showed that the FFQ energy intake was 6 % and 25 % higher than the DRV and DLW values, respectively, and the WD energy intake was 7Á5 % lower and 9Á1 % higher than the DRV and DLW values, respectively. Thus, both the FFQ and the WD produced median energy intakes per kilogram that are comparable with standard values.…”

Section: Exploration Of Differences In Intakesmentioning

confidence: 99%

What do babies eat? Evaluation of a food frequency questionnaire to assess the diets of infants aged 6 months

Marriott

Inskip

Borland

et al. 2008

Public Health Nutr.

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Objective: To evaluate the relative validity of a food frequency questionnaire (FFQ) for assessing nutrient intakes in 6-month-old infants. Design and setting: The FFQ was developed to assess the diets of infants born to women in the Southampton Women's Survey (SWS), a population-based survey of young women and their offspring. The energy and nutrient intakes obtained from an interviewer-administered FFQ were compared with those obtained from a 4-day weighed diary. Subjects and methods: A sub-sample of 50 infants aged 6 months from the SWS had their diets assessed by both methods. The FFQ recorded the frequencies and amounts of milks, baby foods, regular foods and drinks consumed by the infants over the previous seven days. The diaries recorded the weights of all foods and drinks consumed by the infants on four separate days within 15 days following FFQ completion. Results: Spearman rank correlation coefficients for intakes of energy, macronutrients and 18 micronutrients, determined by the two methods, ranged from r 5 0Á39 to 0Á86; adjustment for energy intake tended to increase the correlation coefficients, range r a 5 0Á55 to 0Á89. Bland-Altman statistics showed that mean differences between methods were in the range of 212Á5 % to 112Á5 % except for vitamin B 12 (218Á9 %). Conclusion: Although there were differences in absolute energy and nutrient intakes between methods, Spearman rank correlation coefficients indicated reasonable agreement in the ranking of intakes. The interviewer-administered FFQ is a useful tool for assessing energy and nutrient intakes of healthy infants aged about 6 months.

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Energy requirements of infants

Cited by 127 publications

References 51 publications

Validation of energy requirement equations for estimation of breast milk consumption in infants

Validation of energy requirement equations for estimation of breast milk consumption in infants

Growth and feeding practices of Vietnamese infants in Australia

What do babies eat? Evaluation of a food frequency questionnaire to assess the diets of infants aged 6 months

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