The Effect of Energy Impacts on the Acid Leaching of Eudialyte Concentrate

The role of local heteropolyhedral substitutions in the stoichiometry, topological characteristics and ion-migration paths in the eudialyte-related structures: a quantitative analysis

“…Eudialyte-group minerals (EGMs) are of significant scientific and industrial interest as important concentrators of rare and strategic elements [mainly, Zr and rare earth elements (REE)] in agpaitic alkaline rocks (Marks et al, 2020;Mikhailova et al, 2020;Kogarko & Nielsen, 2020;Atanasova et al, 2020;Kogarko, 2020;Schilling et al, 2011;Kogarko et al, 2010;Sheard et al, 2012) and are considered as potential source of these elements (Binnemans & Jones, 2017;Chanturiya et al, 2020;Balinski et al, 2020Balinski et al, , 2019aZhang et al, 2020). The general crystal chemical formula of EGMs is [N(1) 3 N(2) 3 N(3) 3 N(4) 3 N(5) 3 ]{M(1) 6 M(2) 3 M(3)M(4)Z 3 [Si 9 -O 27-3x (OH) 3x ] 2 (Si 3 O 9 ) 2 Ø 0-6 }X(1)X( 2), where M(1) = VI Ca, VI Mn 2+ , VI REE, VI Na, VI Fe 2+ ; M(2) = IV,V Fe 2+ , V,VI Fe 3+ , V,VI Mn 2+ , V,VI Na, IV,V Zr; M(3) and M(4) = IV Si, VI Nb, VI Ti, 5) are extraframework cations (Na, H 3 O + , K, Sr, Ln, Y Ba, Mn 2+ , Ca) or H 2 O; X(1) and X(2) are extra-framework water molecules, halide (Cl À , F À ) and chalcogenide (S 2À ) anions, and anionic groups (CO 3 2À , SO 4 2À…”

A comprehensive review on the ultrasound-enhanced leaching recovery of valuable metals: Applications, mechanisms and prospects

“…Ultrasound-assisted leaching technology has been extensively applied to extract valuable metals from metal ores, such as vanadium-bearing shale [16] , [19] , chalcopyrite [26] , [49] , scheelite [25] , [50] , [51] , zinc oxide ore [30] , [52] , [53] , nickel laterite ore [17] , rare earth ore [29] , refractory gold ore [27] , [54] , [55] , [56] , [57] , [58] , uranium ore [59] , [60] , K-feldspar [31] , copper-bearing biotite [43] , refractory silver ore [61] , eudialyte [62] , quartz sand [63] , [64] , [65] , [66] , [67] , [68] , poly-metallic sulfide ore [13] , deep-sea nodules [69] , phosphorus-potassium associated ore [21] , sphalerite [32] , and magmatic rocks [70] . In addition, ultrasound-assisted leaching has also been developed with successful enhancement in the leaching efficiency of metals from secondary resources, including metallurgical residues [3] , [15] , [35] , [38] , [39] , [42] , [48] , [71] , [72] , [73] , [74] , [75] , [76] , [77] , [78] , [79] , [80] , [81] , [82] , [83] , [84] , [85] , [86] , spent catalysts [33] , [37] , …”

“…The leaching of rare metals, including lithium [103] , [104] , [106] , [107] , [109] , [110] , vanadium [16] , [19] , [33] , [36] , [87] , [113] , molybdenum [33] , [87] , [89] , [90] , [91] , tungsten [25] , [50] , [51] , indium [38] , [40] , [97] , [99] , gallium [15] , [117] , uranium [59] , [124] , [142] , germanium [35] and zirconium [62] , is also a significant application of ultrasound. Recently, the research mainly focused on the leaching of rare metals from the metal ores and the secondary resources by ultrasound wave, especially for the latter.…”

“…The high efficiency of ultrasound towards rare metals extraction was not only reflected in the above-mentioned six rare metals but also showed significant advantages in the extraction of other rare metals, such as gallium (Ga), germanium (Ge), and zirconium (Zr). Chanturiya et al [62] applied ultrasound to the leaching process of Zr from eudialyte concentrate in HNO 3 media. It was found that the highest leaching recovery of Zr was 97.1%, while that in the conventional process was only 76.9%.…”

Basic Sulfate Precipitation of Zirconium from Sulfuric Acid Leach Solution

“…To date, acid decomposition of eudialyte has been extensively studied [7,8,[12][13][14]. Sulfuric acid (H 2 SO 4 ) is considered to be the best candidate for Zr leaching from the eudialyte or eudialyte residue after REE extraction.…”