The Effect of Different Routes of Injection of Bone Marrow Mesenchymal Stem Cells on Parotid Glands of Rats Receiving Cisplatin: A Comparative Study

Abstract

Background and Objectives: Cisplatin is a powerful antitumor chemotherapeutic agent that is widely used in the treatment of many cancers but it has many side effects on many organs including salivary glands. Bone marrow is considered to be a rich environment that comprises many types of stem cells of which BMSCs (Bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells) are the most studied with potentiality to differentiate into many cell types. This study was conducted to evaluate the effect of different routes of injection of BMSCs on parotid glands of rats receiving cisplatin. Methods and Results: Sprague-Dawley rats were divided into 3 groups: a negative control group receiving phosphate buffered saline, a positive control group receiving cisplatin, and an experimental group where rats received cisplatin and then received iron oxide-labeled BMSCs by either intravenous or intraparotid routes or both. Animals were sacrificed at periods of 3,6,10 and 15 days after cisplatin injection, then histological, ultrastructural and immunohistochemical studies were done. The experimental stem cell treated group showed better histological features and increased PCNA proliferation index when compared to the control. The systemic and combination groups showed better results than the local group. Iron oxide-labeled cells were detected with Prussian blue stain. Conclusions: This study proved that BMSCs can improve cisplatin induced cytotoxicity in parotid glands. Systemic administration showed to have a better effect than local intraparotid administration and comparable effect to combined administration.

Potential Effect of Carbimazole on Parotid Acini of Albino Rats

“…Histological examination of GI and statistical analysis of acini area % for this group revealed normal acini and acini area% respectively revealed normal acinar. This finding is consistent with previous studies (13) .…”

Potential benefit of Annona muricata extract in combating cisplatin induced injury of parotid gland in albino rats

“…Homogeneous eosinophilic areas were also seen which was in accordance with Eman hany etal (32) (2017). and Mc Innes (33) (2012), the later indicated that these areas, are thought to accumulation of materials which has proteinaceous nature in the tissues (32,33) . While older studies described them as hyaline degeneration (34) .…”

Systemic versus local injection of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells on 5-fluorouracil treated parotid glands of albino rats

“…CT surrounding EDs also seen in group 2 in the present study, also in accordance with Hany et el [9]. and McInnes [30], were described as hyaline degeneration.…”

“…This affects the nucleus leading DNA inhibition and cytotoxic alterations that lead to cell degeneration, desquamation and hyalinization [26]. It can be also be related to the fact that chemotherapeutic drugs can induce reactive oxygen species production leading to increased lipid peroxidation and calcium ions influx which also mediates apoptosis [9]. The epithelial atrophy in the acinar and ductal cells detected in group 2 of our study, obviously observed in the ED lining cells, could also be related to the impaired capacity of cell renewal due to the inhibitory effect of 5-FU on DNA replication and cell mitosis [27].…”

“…However, almost all studies regarding BMSC therapy for SGs were only concerned with the damaging effects of radiation therapy on the submandibular glands (SMGs) solely [9] while relatively few studies investigated chemotherapyinduced SG injury. So, this work was conducted to compare the possible regenerative effect of two routes of BMSCs administration (systemic injection and local transplantation) on the parotid glands, histologically and immunohistologically.…”