The effect of different root canal medicaments on the elimination of Enterococcus faecalis ex vivo

Abstract

Objective:The aim of this study was to evaluate the antimicrobial effect of chlorhexidine gel (CHX-G) 2%, chlorhexidine powder (CHX-P) 1%, povidone-iodine (PVP-I), polyhexanide and camphorated-and-mentholated chlorophenol (ChKM) ex vivo.Materials and Methods:For every medicament group 10 root segments (15 mm long) of extracted human teeth were prepared to ISO-size 45 and sterilized (n = 50). The root segments were then inoculated with Enterococcus faecalis and aerobically incubated at 37°C. After 1 week, ten root canals were filled with one of the medicaments, respectively and aerobically incubated at 37°C for another week. Ten teeth served as positive controls and were filled with sterile saline solution. After 7 days, the medicaments were inactivated and all root canals were instrumented to ISO-size 50. The obtained dentin samples were dispersed in Ringer solution followed by the preparation of serial dilutions. 10 μl per sample were applied to an agar plate and incubated at 37°C for 48 h. The colony forming units were counted and the reduction factors (RFs) were calculated and statistically analyzed.Results:Compared with the positive controls all medicaments exhibited an antibacterial effect against E. faecalis. The RFs for CHX-G, CHX-P and ChKM were significantly higher compared to PVP-I and polyhexanide (P < 0.05). In contrast to PVP-I and polyhexanide, CHX-G, CHX-P and ChKM were able to eliminate E. faecalis from all dentin samples.Conclusions:Within the limitations of this ex vivo investigation, 2% CHX-G and CHX-P were as effective as ChKM against E. faecalis. Thus, when choosing a root canal medicament the better biocompatibility of CHX compared with ChKM should be taken in consideration.

16S rRNA gene-based metagenomic analysis identifies a novel bacterial co-prevalence pattern in dental caries

“…Several earlier studies have reported co-prevalence of Streptococcus , Rothia , Granulicatella , Gemella , Actinomyces , Selenomonas , Haemophilus and Veillonella in caries samples,[ 1 2 7 8 9 10 ] very similar to the observation made in the present study. But, what makes our study significant is that the co-prevalence of the bacteria was observed in the saliva samples of caries samples, in contrary to plaque or dentinal caries samples reported in other studies.…”

“…Some of the most commonly reported bacteria include Lactobacillus , Granulicatella , Gemella , Haemophilus , Veillonella , Actinomyces , Rothia , Selenomonas , Atopobium , Neisseria , Eikenella , Fusobacterium , Leptotrichia , and Enterococcus . [ 1 2 7 8 9 10 ] Several studies have indicated co-existence of above bacteria in various combinations, though the detection depended on the source of sample saliva, mature plaque or dentinal caries from primary, secondary or mixed dentition age groups. [ 11 12 ]…”

Comparative evaluation of antimicrobial efficacy of triple antibiotic paste, calcium hydroxide, and a proton pump inhibitor against resistant root canal pathogens

“…as calcium hydroxide (CH). [3,4] Interestingly, this resistance to withstand the alkaline stress induced by CH is also shared with Candida albicans; another resistant pathogen in teeth with periradicular lesions with the prevalence of 6%-18%. [5,6] Both bacteria and fungi express a proton pump in their plasma membrane for energy metabolism and maintenance of constant cytoplasmic pH [7,8] that enables E. faecalis and C. albicans to maintain the homeostasis of the cytoplasm and survive the high alkaline pH of CH.…”

Antibacterial activity of essential oil extracts from Curcuma xanthorrhiza roxb. rhizomes against bacteria causing pulp necrosis

“…However, ChKM and Cresophene are reported to reduce the viability of fibroblast cells. 7,8 Therefore, it suggested to find other environmentally friendly potential drugs, such as a herbal medicine, as an alternative for root canal sterilization with minimal side effects.…”