The Effect of Different Attentional Strategies on Physiological and Psychological States During Running

Neumann, David L.; Piercy, Amy Louise

doi:10.1111/ap.12015

Cited by 29 publications

(24 citation statements)

References 47 publications

(87 reference statements)

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“…Furthermore, intensity level was determined differently in the two studies, which leads to difficulties in directly comparing them. Results of a recent study by Neumann and Piercy (2013) are, as well, in contrast to the present results. They found lowest VO 2 in the internal running movement condition, compared with a breathing focus, an external focus, and a control condition.…”

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 99%

An Internal Focus of Attention Is Not Always as Bad as Its Reputation: How Specific Aspects of Internally Focused Attention Do Not Hinder Running Efficiency

Schücker

Knopf

Strauß

et al. 2014

Journal of Sport and Exercise Psychology

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The aim of this study was to examine differentiated effects of internally focused attention in endurance sports. Thirty-two active runners ran 24 min on a treadmill at a fixed speed of moderate intensity. For each 6-min block, participants had to direct their attention on different internal aspects (movement execution, breathing, or feeling of the body) or received no instructions. Oxygen consumption (VO2) was measured continuously to determine running economy. Results revealed that the different internal focus instructions had differentiated effects on VO2: A focus on breathing as well as a focus on the running movement led to higher VO2 than a focus on feeling of the body which showed similar VO2 as the control condition. We conclude that an internal focus of attention is solely detrimental to performance when directed to highly automated processes (e.g., breathing or movement). However, an internal focus on how the body feels during exercise does not disrupt movement efficiency.

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Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 99%

An Internal Focus of Attention Is Not Always as Bad as Its Reputation: How Specific Aspects of Internally Focused Attention Do Not Hinder Running Efficiency

Schücker

Knopf

Strauß

et al. 2014

Journal of Sport and Exercise Psychology

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show abstract

“…Gröpel (2016) showed that giving instructions that induced self-focused attention resulted in worse free throw accuracy in state-oriented basketball players whereas there was no effect of the instructions on action-oriented players. These findings are in line with research showing that it is better to focus externally, on specific cues associated with movement, to achieve better accuracy in aiming sports (Wulf & Lewthwaite, 2016) and movement economy (Neumann & Heng, 2011;Neumann & Piercy, 2013). Another method, which is broader in approach than to adopt a specific type of attentional focus, is require the athlete to achieve a given standard of performance through setting goals (Gould, 2006;Locke & Latham, 1990;Weinberg, 2013).…”

Section: Introductionsupporting

confidence: 85%

Practice using performance goals enhances basketball free throw accuracy when tested under competition in elite players

Neumann

Hohnke

2018

jhse

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The present study tested whether practice using a performance goal enhances accuracy when later tested under the demands of a competition outcome goal for a basketball free throw task. Thirty male elite-level basketball players with a mean age of 24.67 years practiced free throws either with or without a performance goal. The performance goal was constructed with the challenge of bettering an individualised accuracy level. Players were later tested under an outcome goal that emphasised performance in an external competitive situation. Performance was best in players that practiced using performance goals and greater gains were seen in players that showed an initial lower level of performance. Practice using performance goals may improve free throw accuracy in a game situation, particularly for players that are at a relatively lower skill level.

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“…The findings are promising but are in need of replication and extension. Past research with non-VR tasks has also found that an external associative focus enhances sport and exercise outcomes (e.g., Neumann and Heng 2011;Neumann and Piercy, 2013). An external associative focus involves focussing on the effects of movements on the environment and the achievement of task goals (Neumann and Brown, 2013;Stevinson and Biddle, 1999).…”

Section: Future Research Directions and Recommendationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

A systematic review of the application of interactive virtual reality to sport

et al. 2017

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Virtual reality (VR) technology is being increasingly used by athletes, coaches, and other sport-related professionals. The present systematic review aimed to document research on the application of VR to sport to better understand the outcomes that have emerged in this work. Research literature databases were searched and the results screened to identify articles reporting applications of interactive VR to sport with healthy human participants. Twenty articles were identified and coded to document the study aims, research designs, participant characteristics, sport types, VR technology, measures, and key findings. From the review, it was shown that interactive VR applications have enhanced a range of performance, physiological, and psychological outcomes. The specific effects have been influenced by factors related to the athlete and the VR system, which comprises athlete factors, VR environment factors, task factors, and the non-VR environment factors. Important variables include the presence of others in the virtual environment, competitiveness, task autonomy, immersion, attentional focus, and feedback. The majority of research has been conducted on endurance sports, such as running, cycling, and rowing, and more research is required to examine the use of interactive VR in skill-based sports. Additional directions for future research and reporting standards for researchers are suggested.

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The Effect of Different Attentional Strategies on Physiological and Psychological States During Running

Cited by 29 publications

References 47 publications

An Internal Focus of Attention Is Not Always as Bad as Its Reputation: How Specific Aspects of Internally Focused Attention Do Not Hinder Running Efficiency

An Internal Focus of Attention Is Not Always as Bad as Its Reputation: How Specific Aspects of Internally Focused Attention Do Not Hinder Running Efficiency

Practice using performance goals enhances basketball free throw accuracy when tested under competition in elite players

A systematic review of the application of interactive virtual reality to sport

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