The effect of dietary ω3 and ω6 polyunsaturated fatty acids on gestation, parturition and prostaglandin E2 in intrauterine tissues and the kidney

Leaver, H.A.; Lytton, Fiona D. C.; Dyson, H. Jane; Watson, Mary L.; Mellor, D. J.

doi:10.1016/0163-7827(86)90028-7

Cited by 21 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 3 publications

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“…We take the opportunity to direct the attention towards a recent report that rats receiving standard rat chow supplemented with fish oil had longer gestation than when the standard rat chow was supplemented with arachis oil (Olsen et al 1990). This is a finding that is quite different from the rat studies cited by Dr Broughton Pipkin (Leat & Northrop 1979; Leaver et al 1986) where fish oil in both cases was supplemented to a linoleate‐deficient‐diet, and where the prolonged gestation could be due to the n‐3 fatty acids added as well as to the (absolute) lack of n‐6 fatty acids (indeed, the latter may well explain their findings of prolonged labour).…”

contrasting

confidence: 66%

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Secher

Olsen

Sørensen

1991

BJOG

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contrasting

confidence: 66%

Author's reply

Secher

Olsen

Sørensen

1991

BJOG

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“…Evidence from previous studies supports our finding that dietary n ‐6 PUFAs have the ability to alter gestation length. Rats with n ‐6 PUFA deficiency have depressed PG synthesis and increased gestation length (Leaver et al 1986). Women undergoing preterm labour had raised concentrations of AA in erythrocytes in comparison with those delivering at full term (Reece et al 1997; Araya et al 1998).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Raised dietary n‐6 polyunsaturated fatty acid intake increases 2‐series prostaglandin production during labour in the ewe

Elmes

Green

Poore

et al. 2005

The Journal of Physiology

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Preterm labour is the major cause of perinatal morbidity and mortality in humans. The incidence is around 10% and the causes are often unknown. Consumption of dietary n-6 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) in western societies is increasing. These are metabolized to arachidonic acid, the precursor for 2-series prostaglandins (PGs), major signalling molecules during labour. This study investigated the effect of dietary supplementation with linoleic acid (LA, 18 : 2, n-6) on parturition. Ewes were fed a control or LA-supplemented diet from 100 days gestation. Labour was induced using a standardized glucocorticoid challenge (dexamethasone, Dex) to the fetus, starting on day 139. Electromyographic (EMG) activity and fetal and maternal circulating PG concentrations were monitored. One third of LA-fed ewes delivered early (pre-Dex) although basal uterine EMG activity preceding Dex was higher in control ewes (P < 0.05). A steep increase in EMG activity occurred 18-38 h after the start of Dex infusion. Twice basal EMG activity (defined as established labour) occurred on average 7 h earlier in the LA-supplemented ewes (P < 0.05). The basal concentrations of maternal and fetal PGFM and fetal PGE 2 were approximately doubled in LA-supplemented ewes before the start of Dex infusion (P < 0.01). The rise in fetal PGE 2 and maternal oestradiol concentrations post-Dex occurred earlier in the LA-supplemented ewes. All PG measurements remained significantly higher in the LA-supplemented ewes during labour onset. This study suggests that consumption of a high LA diet in late pregnancy can enhance placental PG production and may thus increase the risk of preterm labour.

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“…14 This is in line with the results of studies on rats, where administering fish oil in pregnancy consistently results in reduced birth weight. [15][16][17] As far as we are aware this relation has not yet been examined in an English population. In this study we examine the relation between fish intake and pregnancy outcome in a large cohort of women in south west England.…”

mentioning

confidence: 97%

Maternal fish intake in late pregnancy and the frequency of low birth weight and intrauterine growth retardation in a cohort of British infants

Rogers

Emmett²,

Ness³

et al. 2004

Journal of Epidemiology & Community Health

106

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Objective: To investigate the relation between maternal fish intake in late pregnancy and the frequency of low birth weight and intrauterine growth retardation (IUGR). Participants: 11 585 pregnant women in south west England. Methods: Information on fish intake was obtained from a food frequency questionnaire sent to the women at 32 weeks' gestation, and used to calculate n-3 fatty acid (n-3FA) intake from fish. IUGR was defined as a birth weight for gestational age and sex below the 10th centile. Confounding variables considered included maternal age, height, weight, education, parity, smoking and drinking in pregnancy, and whether the mother was living with a partner. Only singleton, liveborn infants were included. Main results: Mean daily intakes of fish and n-3FAs were 32.8 g and 0.147 g respectively. In unadjusted analyses there were positive associations between mean birth weight and fish intake or n-3FA intake, but these disappeared on adjustment for potential confounders. The frequency of IUGR decreased with increasing fish intake-the OR (95%CI) of IUGR in those eating no fish was 1.85 (1.44 to 2.38) compared with those in the highest fish intake group. On adjustment this relation was attenuated (adjusted OR 1.37 (1.02 to 1.84)), but the decline in the frequency of IUGR with increasing fish intake remained statistically significant. No relation was observed between mean gestation and fish or n-3FA intake. Conclusions: These results lend some support to the hypothesis that raising fish or n3-FA intake during pregnancy may increase fetal growth rate. However, they provide no evidence that increasing fish consumption is associated with an increase in mean gestation.

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The effect of dietary ω3 and ω6 polyunsaturated fatty acids on gestation, parturition and prostaglandin E2 in intrauterine tissues and the kidney

Cited by 21 publications

References 3 publications

Author's reply

Author's reply

Raised dietary n‐6 polyunsaturated fatty acid intake increases 2‐series prostaglandin production during labour in the ewe

Maternal fish intake in late pregnancy and the frequency of low birth weight and intrauterine growth retardation in a cohort of British infants

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