The Effect of Dietary Supplementation with n—3 Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids on the Synthesis of Interleukin-1 and Tumor Necrosis Factor by Mononuclear Cells

Endres, Stefan; Ghorbani, R; Kelley, Vicki Rubin; Georgilis, Kostis; Lonnemann, Gerhard; Meer, J W van der; Cannon, Joseph G.; Rogers, Tina S.; Klempner,; Weber, Peter

doi:10.1056/nejm198902023200501

Cited by 1,801 publications

(916 citation statements)

References 33 publications

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“…73 In contrast, n-3 PUFAs may ameliorate the inflammatory response. 74,75 Supplementation with n-3 PUFAs modified phospholipid fatty acid composition and decreased the production of TNF-a and IL-6 by monocytes 76 when compared with palmitic acid. 77 Diets that are high in alinolenic acid (18:3n-3) tend to reduce inflammation.…”

Section: Subclinical Inflammationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Dietary determinants of subclinical inflammation, dyslipidemia and components of the metabolic syndrome in overweight children: a review

Zimmermann

Aeberli

2008

Int J Obes

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Objective: To review and summarize the dietary determinants of the metabolic syndrome, subclinical inflammation and dyslipidemia in overweight children. Design: Review of the current literature, focusing on pediatric studies. Participants: Normal weight, overweight, or obese children and adolescents. Results: There is a growing literature on the metabolic effects of excess body fat during childhood. However, few pediatric studies have examined the dietary determinants of obesity-related metabolic disturbances. From the available data, it appears that dietary factors are not only important environmental determinants of adiposity, but also may affect components of the metabolic syndrome and modulate the actions of adipokines. Dietary total fat and saturated fat are associated with insulin resistance and high blood pressure, as well as obesity-related inflammation. In contrast to studies in adults, resistin and adiponectin do not appear to be closely linked to insulin resistance or dyslipidemia in childhood. However, circulating leptin and retinol-binding protein (RBP) 4 correlate well with obesity, central obesity and the metabolic syndrome in children. Intakes of antioxidant vitamins tend to be low in obese children and may be predictors of subclinical inflammation. Higher fructose intake from sweets and sweetened drinks in overweight children has been linked to decreased low-density lipoprotein (LDL) particle size. Conclusions: Dietary interventions aimed at reducing intakes of total fat, saturated fat and free fructose, whereas increasing antioxidant vitamin intake may be beneficial in overweight children. More research on the relationships between dietary factors and the metabolic changes of pediatric obesity may help to identify the dietary changes to reduce health risks. International Journal of Obesity (2008) 32, S11-S18; doi:10. 1038/ijo.2008.202 Keywords: child; metabolic syndrome; diet; inflammation; adipokine IntroductionIn both industrialized and non-industrialized countries, the prevalence of pediatric obesity is increasing. 1 Dietary factors are environmental determinants of adiposity, as well as components of the metabolic syndrome, and may modulate the actions of adipokines. Better understanding of the relationships between dietary factors and the metabolic changes of pediatric obesity may help to identify the dietary changes to reduce health risks. Hypertension, insulin resistance, resistin and adiponectinPediatric obesity is an important risk factor for adult hypertension and type 2 diabetes, and approximately one third of obese children are hypertensive and/or hyperinsulinemic. 2,3 The adipocyte-derived hormones resistin, adiponectin and leptin may play a role in the development of hypertension and/or insulin resistance. 4-7 Among children, inverse associations of adiponectin or resistin with body mass index (BMI) and insulin resistance have been reported, 8 but not all studies agree. 9 Studies on diet in childhood hypertension have mainly focused on sodium or calcium intake, rather than macr...

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Section: Subclinical Inflammationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Dietary determinants of subclinical inflammation, dyslipidemia and components of the metabolic syndrome in overweight children: a review

Zimmermann

Aeberli

2008

Int J Obes

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“…Dietary n-3 fatty acids have also been reported to reduce mechanically induced lesion formation in animal models (Zhu et al, 1988), an observation which may be, at least partially, explained by the effect of ®sh oil on growth factor levels. Dietary n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA), given at moderately high doses (3.7 ± 7 g n-3 PUFAaday), have been reported to modulate the expression of speci®c cytokines and growth factors (Endres et al, 1989;Caughey et al, 1996;Baumann et al, 1999), and to alter total serum growth factor activity (Mata et al, 1997). In the present study we have investigated whether lowdose ®sh oil supplementation (providing 0.9 g n-3 PUFAa day and equivalent to two portions of fatty ®sh per week) alters the serum concentrations of speci®c growth factors thought to play a central role in lesion formation.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The effect of low-dose fish oil supplementation on serum growth factors in healthy humans

et al. 2000

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Objective: To examine the effect of low-dose ®sh oil supplementation on speci®c growth factors, purported to play a central role in lesion formation, and also on the total growth factor activity of serum, as assessed by the induction of DNA synthesis in cultured human arterial smooth muscle cells. Design: Randomized placebo-controlled double-blind intervention study. Setting: Free-living population. Subjects: Sixty-three healthy volunteers, 37 males and 26 females. Interventions: Four treatment regimes with subjects receiving 0, 0.3,0.6 or 0.9 gaday of n-3 PUFA for an 8 week period. Blood samples were taken at baseline and following the 8 week intervention. All samples were analysed in batch following completion of the study. Results: Consumption of ®sh oil had no effect on serum platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF), or transforming growth factor beta (TGFb) concentration. Furthermore, ®sh oil supplementation did not alter the total growth factor activity of serum. Conclusions: Results indicate that low-dose ®sh oil supplementation, equivalent to about two portions of fatty ®sh per week and providing less than 1 g n-3 PUFAaday, does not alter the levels of the major serum growth factors and does not modify total serum growth factor activity in healthy human volunteers. Sponsorship: European Union shared cost project (FAIR-CT-95-0085).

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“…However, its use in children with cancer is still anecdotal (Ford et al, 1997). Furthermore, dietary lipids (o-3-fatty acids) have been shown to boost immunological function (Alexander et al, 1986;Endres et al, 1989), but their use in children needs further investigation.…”

Section: Feeds Recommended For Etf Following Bmtmentioning

confidence: 99%

Nutritional considerations in children undergoing bone marrow transplantation

Papadopoulou

1998

Eur J Clin Nutr

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Bone marrow transplantation is often associated with multiple organ failure which is usually reversible. Oral mucositis and dysphagia, vomiting, diarrhoea, protein losing enteropathy, transient exocrine pancreatic impairment, hypoalbuminaemia, biochemical trace element and mineral de®ciencies are all common following transplantation and have profound nutritional consequences. Malnutrition affects negatively the clinical outcome. Nutritional support is provided to malnourished patients and those who suffer deterioration in nutritional status despite the provision of dietetic counselling. Only a few randomised studies comparing enteral with parenteral nutrition after transplant exist. Both enteral tube feeding (in the absence of mucositis) and parenteral nutrition are effective in maintaining nutritional status. However, enteral nutrition is associated with a better nutritional response and fewer complications than parenteral. With existing enteral and parenteral nutrition regimens close monitoring of trace element and mineral status is required.

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The Effect of Dietary Supplementation with n—3 Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids on the Synthesis of Interleukin-1 and Tumor Necrosis Factor by Mononuclear Cells

Cited by 1,801 publications

References 33 publications

Dietary determinants of subclinical inflammation, dyslipidemia and components of the metabolic syndrome in overweight children: a review

Dietary determinants of subclinical inflammation, dyslipidemia and components of the metabolic syndrome in overweight children: a review

The effect of low-dose fish oil supplementation on serum growth factors in healthy humans

Nutritional considerations in children undergoing bone marrow transplantation

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