The effect of dietary hydroxyproline and dietary oxalate on urinary oxalate excretion in cats

Dijcker, J. C.; Hagen-Plantinga, E.A.; Thomas, D. G.; Queau, Y.; Biourge, V.; Hendriks, W. H.

doi:10.2527/jas.2012-6178

Cited by 3 publications

(6 citation statements)

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“…Rawhides, whose only ingredient is dried bovine skin, were the treats richest in Hyp, and recent findings suggest that the consumption of Hyp‐containing protein sources should be discouraged for dogs prone to calcium‐oxalate urolith formation 20 . A study by Dijcker and others 21 showed Hyp to be related to the synthesis of endogenous oxalate, a potential substrate in the formation of calcium‐oxalate uroliths in dogs and cats.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…A study by Dijcker and others 21 showed Hyp to be related to the synthesis of endogenous oxalate, a potential substrate in the formation of calcium‐oxalate uroliths in dogs and cats. A recent study 20 involving cats demonstrated that collagen tissue‐rich diets (collagen is the protein source in which Hyp is most concentrated) significantly increased urinary oxalate excretion proportionally to Hyp intake. No recommended levels of dietary Hyp have been proposed thus far, but this study suggests that the use of products such as rawhides should be minimised in calcium‐oxalate preventive regimen diets.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Study of ingredients and nutrient composition of commercially available treats for dogs

et al. 2018

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Forty-one dog treats were selected from the market with the aim of providing more insight into supplemental pet food composition. Thirty-two products (four biscuits, nine tender treats, two meat-based strips, five rawhides, eight chewable sticks, four dental care sticks) were analysed for proximate nutrient composition and quantification of minerals, hydroxyproline (Hyp), starch, glucose, fructose and sucrose. Labelled ingredients were often expressed as non-specific categories. A treat supplied a mean of 332.0±39.2 kcal metabolisable energy (ME)/100 g, and the most energy-dense product was a tender treat (475.0 kcal ME/100 g). Small dogs receive the highest percentage of maintenance energy requirement when producers' feeding instructions are followed. Treat categories revealed variability in dry matter, crude protein, ash, Hyp and starch. Rawhides showed the highest Hyp content. Simple sugars were identified in most treats, and sucrose was the most prevalent. Results of the study suggest treat labelling should include more information on the ingredients used, and the varying nutrient and caloric density of treats should be considered. Specific attention should be given to the use of treats in dogs with specific ingredient sensitivities or nutrient considerations.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Study of ingredients and nutrient composition of commercially available treats for dogs

et al. 2018

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“…Nine of the 10 cheetahs with the highest average number of cortical tubules containing oxalate crystals were from North America (5 different institutions), and the remaining 1 was from a South African institution (24). Among the 10 southern African cheetahs with the highest number of crystals (14)(15)(16)(17)(18)(19)(20)(21)(22)(23)(24), cheetahs from 1 institution were overrepresented (50%). The 4 cheetahs from 3 French institutions had an average number of cortical tubules containing crystals of 15 (10)(11)(12)(13)(14)(15)(16)(17)(18)(19)(20).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, evaluation of the fluid intake and protein, fat, collagen, feathers, calcium, magnesium, beet pulp, pyridoxine, ascorbic acid, and arachidonic acid levels in captive cheetah diets is needed as these factors can influence oxalate excretion. [17][18][19][20]22,32,33,46,60,71,84 Dietary calcium to oxalate ratios affect O. formigenes colonization of the intestine in rats, so this ratio may be important in cheetah diets. 43 Obesity and stress may contribute to oxalate nephrosis in humans, 54 and their roles in oxalate nephrosis may warrant further study since obesity may be present in underactive captive cheetahs and stress has been documented in captive animals.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…6,15,27,49 Secondary or acquired oxalate nephrosis can be due to severe liver disease 46 or pyridoxine deficiency, 5,7,24,65 which results in compromised oxalate metabolism, or increased absorption of oxalates due to ingestion of oxalates (or their precursors) including plants, 2,3,11,40,58 ethylene glycol and other glycols, 1,10,11,31,50 xylitol, 13 ascorbic acid, 4,47,48,55 and collagen or feathers. 19,85 An altered intestinal microbiome, 43,69 excessive bile or long-chain fatty acids, 10,56 or low intestinal calcium content, 33 enterocolitis, 5,10 and intestinal surgical resection 9,32 can also increase oxalate absorption and result in oxalate crystal deposition in the kidney. Ethylene glycol toxicity was considered, although never proven, 72,76 in cheetah cases with large numbers of crystals but was thought unlikely in cases from the United Arab Emirates 37 and southern Africa, where ethylene glycol (antifreeze) is less widely utilized.…”

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Pathology and Epidemiology of Oxalate Nephrosis in Cheetahs

et al. 2017

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To investigate cases of acute oxalate nephrosis without evidence of ethylene glycol exposure, archived data and tissues from cheetahs ( Acinonyx jubatus) from North America ( n = 297), southern Africa ( n = 257), and France ( n = 40) were evaluated. Renal and gastrointestinal tract lesions were characterized in a subset of animals with ( n = 100) and without ( n = 165) oxalate crystals at death. Crystals were confirmed as calcium oxalate by Raman spectroscopy in 45 of 47 cheetahs tested. Crystals were present in cheetahs from 3.7 months to 15.9 years old. Cheetahs younger than 1.5 years were less likely to have oxalates than older cheetahs ( P = .034), but young cheetahs with oxalates had more oxalate crystals than older cheetahs ( P < .001). Cheetahs with oxalate crystals were more likely to have renal amyloidosis, interstitial nephritis, or colitis and less likely to have glomerular loop thickening or gastritis than those without oxalates. Crystal number was positively associated with renal tubular necrosis ( P ≤ .001), regeneration ( P = .015), and casts ( P ≤ .001) but inversely associated with glomerulosclerosis, renal amyloidosis, and interstitial nephritis. Crystal number was unrelated to the presence or absence of colitis and was lower in southern African than American and European animals ( P = .01). This study found no evidence that coexisting chronic renal disease (amyloidosis, interstitial nephritis, or glomerulosclerosis), veno-occlusive disease, gastritis, or enterocolitis contributed significantly to oxalate nephrosis. Oxalate-related renal disease should be considered as a potential cause of acute renal failure, especially in young captive cheetahs. The role of location, diet, stress, and genetic predisposition in the pathogenesis of oxalate nephrosis in cheetahs warrants further study.

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The effect of urine acidification on calcium oxalate relative supersaturation in cats

Bijsmans

Quéau

Feugier

et al. 2021

Animal Physiology Nutrition

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Over the past 35 years, there has been a shift in the mineral composition of uroliths diagnosed in cats. Reports from the 1980s describe the majority of uroliths being composed of magnesium ammonium phosphate (MAP, or struvite) (Cannon et al., 2007;Houston & Moore, 2009;Osborne et al., 2009). However, in the mid-1990s, MAP only represented a third of submitted uroliths, and the vast majority was analyses as calcium oxalate (CaOx). The decrease in MAP uroliths seemed mirrored by the increase in CaOx, with uroliths of other mineral types remaining fairly consistent (Cannon et al., 2007;Houston & Moore, 2009;Osborne et al., 2009). The apparent reciprocal relationship between MAP and CaOx has been hypothesized to result from the increasing use of struvite calculolytic and preventative commercial diets. The acidifying properties of these diets have been hypothesized to increase urine calcium excretion, a risk factor for

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The effect of dietary hydroxyproline and dietary oxalate on urinary oxalate excretion in cats

Cited by 3 publications

References 0 publications

Study of ingredients and nutrient composition of commercially available treats for dogs

Study of ingredients and nutrient composition of commercially available treats for dogs

Pathology and Epidemiology of Oxalate Nephrosis in Cheetahs

The effect of urine acidification on calcium oxalate relative supersaturation in cats

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