The effect of urine acidification on calcium oxalate relative supersaturation in cats

Bijsmans, Esther; Quéau, Yann; Feugier, Alexandre; Biourge, Vincent

doi:10.1111/jpn.13503

Cited by 3 publications

(1 citation statement)

References 34 publications

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“…Alternatively, it was previously reported that older cats have a significantly lower urine pH and a higher potential to form CaOx crystals compared to younger cats [ 10 ]. However, a recent study showed that the risk of CaOx was not increased only with changes in urine pH [ 25 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Retrospective analysis of 131 feline uroliths from the Republic of Ireland and Northern Ireland (2010-2020)

et al. 2023

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Background The proportions of different urolith types have not been investigated in cats from the Republic of Ireland (ROI) and Northern Ireland (NI) previously. The objective of this study was to investigate the proportions of different feline urolith types submitted to Minnesota Urolith Center from the ROI and NI from 2010 to 2020. An additional aim of this study was to identify potential risk factors associated with each urolith type in cats in this geographic area. Results One hundred and thirty-one uroliths were submitted for the studied period with 44.3% being struvite, 43.5% calcium oxalate and 7.6% compound. Only 11 uroliths were submitted in the first 4 years. The number of submissions increased after 2015, peaking in 2019 with 25 submissions. Due to low numbers no conclusions could be made about changes in incidence of urolith types over time. Cats ≤7 years of age were significantly more likely to be diagnosed with struvite uroliths (OR, 2.87 [1.37-6.06]; p = 0.007) while cats ≥7 years of age with calcium oxalate uroliths (OR, 2.67, [1.29-5.37], p = 0.004). Conclusions This is the first epidemiologic study of urolithiasis from cats in the ROI and NI. The most prevalent types of uroliths in our study population were struvite and calcium oxalate. Due to the low number of urolith submissions, changes in the incidence of different uroliths could not be accurately determined. Increasing age was associated with calcium oxalate formation while younger cats were more commonly diagnosed with struvite urolithiasis which can be medically dissolved. Therefore, urolith dissolution is more likely to be successful in young cats than older cats.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Retrospective analysis of 131 feline uroliths from the Republic of Ireland and Northern Ireland (2010-2020)

et al. 2023

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Nutritional Management of Lower Urinary Tract Disease

Bartges,

Corbee

2023

Applied Veterinary Clinical Nutrition

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Relative supersaturation values distinguish between feline urinary and non-urinary foods and align with expected urine analytes contributions to uroliths

Morris

McGrath

Brejda³

et al. 2023

Front. Vet. Sci.

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IntroductionUroliths are concretions formed in the urinary tract. These can be problematic in humans and companion animals such as cats. Magnesium ammonium phosphate (struvite) and calcium oxalate (CaOx) are the most common forms of uroliths. The relative supersaturation (RSS) is a relative risk index of crystal formation. Here, an updated program for calculating RSS, EQUIL-HL21, was used to detect differences in RSS values when cats were fed foods formulated for urinary and non-urinary conditions. In addition, the contributions of urinary analytes to RSS values were examined via regression analyses.MethodsHistorical data from feeding trials including foods indicated for use in urinary or non-urinary conditions were analyzed for nutrient composition and urinary parameters. RSS was calculated by EQUIL-HL21. The relationship between RSS values calculated by EQUIL-HL21 and urinary analytes was examined by regression models, which were selected by R2 and stepwise methods.ResultsCats that consumed urinary foods had significantly greater levels of urinary sodium and chloride compared with those that consumed non-urinary foods, consistent with the greater amounts of sodium and chloride in the urinary foods. Those that consumed non-urinary foods had higher urine pH, ammonium, potassium, phosphorus, magnesium, oxalate, citrate, and sulfate. Struvite RSS value and number of urinary crystals were significantly lower in cats fed the urinary foods. Mean CaOx RSS values were similar in both foods, though the number of CaOx crystals were significantly higher in cats that consumed non-urinary foods. A model predicting the natural log of struvite RSS values indicated that these values would increase with increasing urine pH, ammonium, chloride, calcium, phosphorus, and magnesium, and would decrease with increasing urine citrate and sulfate. CaOx RSS was predicted to increase as urinary chloride, calcium, and oxalates increased, and would decrease as urine pH, sodium, phosphorus, citrate, and sulfate increased.DiscussionThese analyses demonstrate that the EQUIL-HL21 program can accurately detect expected differences between foods formulated for urinary and non-urinary indications. Regression models showed the eight urinary analytes that, respectively, contribute to the predicted RSS values for struvite and CaOx.

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The effect of urine acidification on calcium oxalate relative supersaturation in cats

Cited by 3 publications

References 34 publications

Retrospective analysis of 131 feline uroliths from the Republic of Ireland and Northern Ireland (2010-2020)

Retrospective analysis of 131 feline uroliths from the Republic of Ireland and Northern Ireland (2010-2020)

Nutritional Management of Lower Urinary Tract Disease

Relative supersaturation values distinguish between feline urinary and non-urinary foods and align with expected urine analytes contributions to uroliths

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