The effect of dietary docosahexaenoic acid on the expression of porcine lipid metabolism-related genes1

Abstract

To study the effect of dietary docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) on the expression of adipocyte determination and differentiation-dependent factor 1 (ADD1) mRNA in pig tissues, weaned, crossbred pigs (30 d of age) were fed either 2% (as-fed basis) tallow or DHA oil for 18 d. Body weight of the pigs was not affected by different dietary fatty acid (FA) compositions. The plasma and liver FA composition reflected the composition of the diet. The adipose tissue and skeletal muscle FA composition only partially reflected the diet, indicating either a slower FA turnover or that a greater proportion of the FA in these tissues is from endogenous FA synthesis. The ADD1 is an important transcription factor that modulates transcription of FA synthase to regulate the endogenous FA synthesis in the liver and adipose tissue. The ADD1 mRNA was decreased (P < 0.05) in the liver of DHA-treated pigs compared with that of the tallow-treated pigs. The diets did not have an effect on the ADD1 mRNA in pig adipose tissue. The ADD1 transcript was not detected in pig skeletal muscle. These results indicate that significant enrichment of liver DHA content inhibits the expression of ADD1 mRNA. Such an effect is similar to that reported in porcine differentiating adipocytes cultured with DHA. The liver and muscle acyl CoA oxidase mRNA concentration was increased (P < 0.05) by DHA oil treatment, suggesting that DHA treatment may increase peroxisomal fatty acid oxidation in these two tissues. Our present observations demonstrate that dietary DHA enrichment not only affects tissue DHA concentration but also mildly modifies the expression of genes related to fatty acid metabolism in the porcine liver and skeletal muscle.

Effects of dietary docosahexaenoic acid on growth performance, fatty acid profile and lipogenesis of blunt snout bream ( Megalobrama amblycephala )

“…The previous studies have found that n‐3 LC‐PUFA could inhibit lipid synthesis by decreasing the G6PD expression in rainbow trout ( Oncorhynchus mykiss ) hepatocytes (Alvarez, Díez, López‐Bote, Gallego, & Bautista, ). The results of gene expressions, tissue lipid content and oil red O staining demonstrated that the optimum dietary DHA level might promote lipogenesis, but excess dietary DHA might weaken the ability of lipogenesis and subsequent lipid accumulation in M. amblycephala , which supported the previous study that dietary DHA could affect lipogenesis in mammals (Hsu et al, ; Sun et al, ).…”

“…Feeding diets deficient in DHA showed growth retardation, and diets supplemented with DHA significantly increased the growth of fish (Bransden, Battaglene, Morehead, Dunstan, & Nichols, ). Studies in mammalian showed that the supplementation of dietary DHA not only affected DHA content of tissue but also significantly regulated the expression of genes associated with lipid metabolism (Hsu, Wang, Liu, & Ding, ; Sun, Wei, & Li, ). In marine fish, the study in Atlantic salmon indicated that an excess dietary DHA reduced fat deposition in visceral adipose tissue (Todorčević et al, ).…”

Effects of soyabean meal‐ or whey‐based diets on lipid metabolism in weaned piglets

“…Transcription factor SREBP‐1 is expressed in the liver and adipose tissues in pigs and rodents, where it regulates the expression of several lipogenic enzymes (Ascencio et al., ; Hsu et al., ). Its expression is reduced in rats and mice fed soy proteins (Torres et al., ), which have lower lysine to arginine ratio compared to casein (Sanchez and Hubbard, ).…”

Effect of dietary sunflower oil and coconut oil on adipose tissue gene expression, fatty acid composition and serum lipid profile of grower pigs

“…In pigs, the dietary fat influences the fatty acid composition of adipose tissue as early as two weeks of supplementation (Berschauer et al 1984;Hsu et al 2004). In pigs, the dietary fat influences the fatty acid composition of adipose tissue as early as two weeks of supplementation (Berschauer et al 1984;Hsu et al 2004).…”