The effect of diet on the expression of lipase genes in the midgut of the lightbrown apple moth (Epiphyas postvittana Walker; Tortricidae)

Abstract

We have identified lipase-like genes from an Epiphyas postvittana larval midgut EST library. Of the 10 pancreatic lipase family genes, six appear to encode active lipases and four encode inactive lipases, based on the presence/absence of essential catalytic residues. The four gastric lipase family genes appear to encode active proteins. Phylogenetic analysis of 54 lepidopteran pancreatic lipase proteins resolved the clade into five groups of midgut origin and a sixth of non-midgut lipases. The inactive proteins formed two separate groups with highly conserved mutations. The lepidopteran midgut lipases formed a ninth subfamily of pancreatic lipases. Eighteen insect and human gastric lipases were analysed phylogenetically with only very weak support for any groupings. Gene expression was measured in the larval midgut following feeding on five artificial diets and on apple leaves. The artificial diets contained different levels of triacylglycerol, linoleic acid and cholesterol. Significant changes in gene expression (more than 100-fold for active pancreatic lipases) were observed. All the inactive lipases were also highly expressed. The gastric lipase genes were expressed at lower levels and suppressed in larvae feeding on leaves. Together, protein motif analysis and the gene expression data suggest that, in phytophagous lepidopteran larvae, the pancreatic lipases may function in vivo as galactolipases and phospholipases whereas the gastric lipases may function as triacylglycerol hydrolases.

Impacts of cyclic hypoxia on reproductive and gene expression patterns in the grass shrimp: field versus laboratory comparison

“…We suggest the difference in metabolism and gene regulation may be linked to differences in food sources in the two bay systems. Recently, differences in gene expression as a result of different diets have been reported for Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar; Thorstensen et al 2009), rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss; Kirchner et al 2007) and the lightbrown apple moth (Epiphyas postvittana; Christeller et al 2010), showing that food source can significantly impact gene expression in aquatic and terrestrial species. Clearly, additional research is necessary to confirm a similar situation in grass shrimp.…”

Developmental plasticity and evolution—quo vadis?

“…Similarly, across phyla gut formation is responsive to dietary conditions, which in turn delineates which future dietary environments the developing organism will experience (Ledón-Rettig et al 2008;Bloom et al 2013;Christeller et al 2010;Saikia et al 2011;Agrawal et al 2002). In these and many other cases, plastic responses to environmental conditions often do not simply adjust aspects of phenotype formation but also modify the selective environmental conditions in which the developing organism finds itself.…”

Effect of temperature and food quality on variability of fitness components and physiology of digestion in the gypsy moth larvae Lymantria dispar L.

“…Lipaze insekta pokazuju veliki strukturni i funkcionalni diverzitet (Horne et al, 2008(Horne et al, , 2009Christeller et al, 2010). Analizom strukture enzima i ekspresije gena za lipaze srednjeg creva larvi Epiphyas postvittana (Lepidoptera) pokazano je da lipaze srednjeg creva Lepidoptera formiraju devet subfamilija neutralnih lipaza, koje in vivo funkcionišu kao galaktolipaze i fosfolipaze (Horne et al, 2009;Christeller et al, 2010), dok kisele lipaze funkcionišu kao triacilglicerol hidrolaze (Christeller et al, 2010). Lipaza srednjeg creva larvi gubara pripada esterazi-lipazi (Mrdaković et al, 2009).…”

“…Ekspresija digestivnih lipaza se menja u zavisnosti od vrste i sadržaja lipida prisutnih u dijeti (Christeller et al, 2010), kao i prisustva inhibitora lipaze (Markwick et al, 2011). Ispitivanjem aktivnosti digestivnih lipaza kod šest različitih vrsta Lepidoptera, pokazano je da je aktivnost galaktolipaza i fosfolipaza visoka kod folivornih vrsta, dok je aktivnost TAG lipaza umerena, što je prilagođeno visokom sadržaju galaktolipida u lišću i značajno manjoj količini fosfolipida i triacilglicerola .…”

“…Kod larvi Epiphias postvittana promena dijete, prelazak sa ishrane lišćem na veštačku dijetu koja ima visok sadržaj triacilglicerola, dovodi do značajnog snižavanja aktivnosti galaktolipaze, dok se aktivnost fosfolipaze i TAG lipaze ne menja značajno (Christeller et al, 2010). Na veštačkoj dijeti bez dodataka slobodnih masnih kiselina, dolazi do suprotne promene obrasca aktivnosti u smislu značajnog povećanja aktivnosti galaktolipaze, a snižavanja aktivnosti triacilglicerol lipaze (Chisteller et al, 2010).…”