Effect of temperature and food quality on variability of fitness components and physiology of digestion in the gypsy moth larvae Lymantria dispar L.

Janković-Tomanić, Milena

doi:10.2298/bg20121227jankovictomanic

Cited by 5 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 355 publications

(681 reference statements)

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“…In comparison to oak leaves, locust tree leaves have higher protein and starch contents (Tzvetkova & Kolarov ; Unruh Snyder et al ; Zhang et al ) and also contain higher levels of tannins (Unruh Snyder et al ; Al‐Masri & Mardini ). In our previous study using artificial diet, the elevation of nutrient contents increased the activities of these three enzymes (Janković‐Tomanić ). In addition, the presence of enzyme inhibitors and toxins in food is known to up‐regulate digestive enzymes of herbivore insects (Chikate et al ; Gog et al ; Roy et al ).…”

Section: Mean Squares (Ms) From Three‐way Anova For Specific Activitimentioning

confidence: 81%

Host‐associated divergence in the activity of digestive enzymes in two populations of the gypsy moth Lymantria dispar (Lepidoptera: Erebidae)

Lazarević

Janković-Tomanić

Savković

et al. 2017

Entomological Science

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The gypsy moth is a generalist insect pest with an extremely wide host range. Adaptive responses of digestive enzymes are important for the successful utilization of plant hosts that differ in the contents and ratios of constituent nutrients and allelochemicals. In the present study, we examined the responses of α‐amylase, trypsin, and leucine aminopeptidase to two tree hosts (suitable oak, Quercus cerris, and unsuitable locust tree, Robinia pseudoacacia) in the fourth, fifth, and sixth instars of gypsy moth larvae originating from oak and locust tree forest populations (hereafter assigned as Quercus and Robinia populations, respectively). Gypsy moths from the Robinia forest had been adapting to this unsuitable host for more than 40 generations. To test for population‐level host plant specialization, we applied a two‐population × two‐host experimental design. We compared the levels, developmental patterns, and plasticities of the activities of enzymes. The locust tree diet increased enzyme activity in the fourth instar and reduced activity in advanced instars of the Quercus larvae in comparison to the oak diet. These larvae also exhibited opposite developmental trajectories on the two hosts, i.e. activity increased on the oak diet and decreased on the locust tree diet with the progress of instar. Larvae of the Robinia population were characterized by reduced plasticity of enzyme activity and its developmental trajectories. In addition, elevated trypsin activity in response to an unsuitable host was observed in all instar larvae of the Robinia population, which demonstrated that Robinia larvae had an improved digestive performance than did Quercus larvae.

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Section: Mean Squares (Ms) From Three‐way Anova For Specific Activitimentioning

confidence: 81%

Host‐associated divergence in the activity of digestive enzymes in two populations of the gypsy moth Lymantria dispar (Lepidoptera: Erebidae)

Lazarević

Janković-Tomanić

Savković

et al. 2017

Entomological Science

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“…In a previous study on the gypsy moth, it was shown that older larvae invest more into antioxidant defense under stressful conditions [30]. Adaptive lower activities of total proteases in the control environment could be a postingestive homeostatic mechanism for nutrient rebalancing under the conditions of feeding on artificial diets where proteins are present in excess [14,65]. The opposite selection pattern for leucine aminopeptidase, i.e., positive selection for higher activity of leucine aminopeptidase on the control diets in both populations and on the tannin-supplemented diet in the Robinia population, implied that protease activity in regulating nutrient balance was associated with exopeptidase leucine aminopeptidase activity.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Adaptive phenotypic plasticity of gypsy moth digestive enzymes

Mrdaković

Stojković²,

Perić-Mataruga

et al. 2013

Open Life Sciences

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The adaptiveness of plasticity of digestive enzyme responses to allelochemical stress was tested on 32 full-sib families of gypsy moth larvae from an oak forest population (the Quercus population) and 26 families from a locust-tree forest (the Robinia population), reared either on control diet, or on tannin-supplemented diet. Using the duration of larval development as an indirect measure of fitness, phenotypic selection analyses revealed that lower specific activities of total proteases and trypsin, and higher specific activity of leucine aminopeptidase were adaptive for both populations in the control environment. Plasticity was only shown to be costly for total proteases and trypsin activity in Quercus larvae. In a stressful environment, the most apparent adaptive response was a significant increase in lipase activity. There was no plasticity cost for lipase activity. The two populations differed in the direction of selection acting on α-glucosidase activity, which favoured decreased activity in Quercus larvae and increased activity in Robinia larvae in the control environment. α-glucosidase activity in Quercus larvae is characterized by cost of homeostasis, while cost of plasticity was shown for Robinia larvae. The results obtained on the plasticity of digestive enzyme activity indicate how this generalist species copes with variation in plant allelochemicals.

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“…Increased activities of protease and amylase in response to Hungarian oak observed in our study possibly indicate the homoeostatic adjustment to improve the efficiency of nutrient digestion and thus contribute to their assimilation from food with lower protein and starch content. These enzymes were also induced in response to artificial diet containing a lower concentration of proteins and/or starch (Janković‐Tomanić, ). Homoeostatic adjustment at the level of digestive enzymes is described in other insect species (Clissold et al., ; Sarate et al., ) and may be the key factor that enables exploitation of different hosts.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Behavioural and physiological plasticity of gypsy moth larvae to host plant switching

Milanović

Janković-Tomanić

Kostić

et al. 2016

Entomologia Exp Applicata

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Larvae of the gypsy moth, Lymantria dispar L. (Lepidoptera: Lymantriidae), a generalist species, frequently encounter spatial and temporal variations in diet quality. Such variation favoured the evolution of high behavioural and physiological plasticity which, depending on forest stand composition, enables more or less successful exploitation of the environment. Even in mixed oak stands, a suitable habitat, interspecific and intraspecific host quality variation may provoke significant variation in gypsy moth performance and, consequently, defoliation severity. To elucidate the insufficiently explored relationship between gypsy moth and oaks (Fagaceae), we carried out reciprocal switches between Turkey oaks (Quercus cerris L.) and less nutritious Hungarian oaks (Quercus frainetto Ten.) (TH and HT groups), under controlled laboratory conditions, and compared larval performance between the switched larvae and larvae continuously fed on either Turkey oak (TT) or Hungarian oak (HH). We found that larval traits were most strongly affected by among-tree variation in oak quality and identity of the host consumed during the fourth instar. Switching from Turkey to Hungarian oak (TH) led to a longer period of feeding, decrease of mass gain, growth, and consumption rate, lower efficiency of food use and nutrient conversion, and increase of protease and amylase activities. Larvae exposed to the reverse switch (HT) attained values of these traits characteristic for TT larvae. It appeared that the lower growth in the TH group than in the TT group was caused by both behavioural (consumption, pre-ingestive) and metabolic (post-digestive) effects from consuming oaks. Multivariate analyses of growth, consumption, and efficiency of food use revealed that early diet experience influenced the sensitivity of the most examined traits to less suitable Hungarian oaks, suggesting the development of behavioural and physiological adjustments. Our results indicate that lower risks of defoliation by gypsy moth might be expected in mixed stands with a higher proportion of Hungarian oak.

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Effect of temperature and food quality on variability of fitness components and physiology of digestion in the gypsy moth larvae Lymantria dispar L.

Cited by 5 publications

References 355 publications

Host‐associated divergence in the activity of digestive enzymes in two populations of the gypsy moth Lymantria dispar (Lepidoptera: Erebidae)

Host‐associated divergence in the activity of digestive enzymes in two populations of the gypsy moth Lymantria dispar (Lepidoptera: Erebidae)

Adaptive phenotypic plasticity of gypsy moth digestive enzymes

Behavioural and physiological plasticity of gypsy moth larvae to host plant switching

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