The effect of dichlorvos on control of drosophila and its safety evaluation under different application methods

Abstract

Drosophila is a common strawberry pest. In this work, toxicities of the 77.5% EC dichlorvos to 3rd instar larvae and adults of drosophila were evaluated through indoor bioassays and field bioassays, respectively. To insure the safety, dichlorvos dissipation and terminal residue in strawberry by different application methods under field conditions were determined by high-performance liquid chromatography. The decline curves of dichlorvos residues in strawberry corresponded with first-order kinetics, and dichlorvos dissipated rapidly in strawberry with half-life (t) of 7.58-13.17 h. Terminal residues below the maximum residue limit of strawberry and soil in different distance were achieved after 24 h under different application methods. This article provides guidance to the proper and safe use of dichlorvos in agriculture; it is more reasonable that dichlorvos is applied by embedding on the ground near the strawberry plants covered plastic film with holes.

C. elegans as a model in developmental neurotoxicology

“…Dichlorvos, an organophosphorus (OP) pesticide, is widely used globally due to its high potency and low price (Zhang et al , 2017). As an OP, it inhibits acetylcholinesterase (AChE) – the enzyme which removes acetylcholine (ACh) from the synapse – leading to an excess of ACh in the synapse and impaired nerve function (Kobayashi et al , 1986).…”

“…Mancozeb, a manganese (Mn) containing fungicide, acts by inhibiting enzymes and is massively used worldwide – approximately 3.6 million kilograms annually (University, 1987; Giannesse, 2000; Gianessi, 2006). Exposure to mancozeb-containing products has been associated with apoptosis, neurodegeneration and inhibition of mitochondrial respiration (Soleo et al , 1996; Calviello et al , 2006; Domico et al , 2006; Domico et al , 2007; Zhang et al , 2017). In order to study the potential developmental neurotoxicity of TouchDown (TD; a glyphosate-containing herbicide) and Mancozed (MZ; a Mn-containing fungicide), the C. elegans model was used, specifically the NW1229 strain, which has all neurons tagged with GFP: L2 worms were exposed, acutely or chronically, to either product or both.…”

Drosophila melanogaster as an indispensable model to decipher the mode of action of neurotoxic compounds

“…Neurotoxicants Tested Using Drosophila melanogaster D. melanogaster is an effective model to investigate the neurotoxicity of many chemicals and physical parameters. Several factors like UV, gamma radiation, numerous drugs, pesticide, fungicide, herbicides, water pollutants, and air pollutants also show neurotoxicity and teratogenicity (Abnoos et al, 2013;Bednářová et al, 2020;Cui et al, 2020;de Morais et al, 2017;Dokucu et al, 2005;Ferdenache et al, 2019;Finetti et al, 2020;Hoang and Rand, 2015;Inamdar and Bennett, 2014;Kaur et al, 2015;Kaya et al, 2006;Kissoum et al, 2020;Piccoli et al, 2019;Rajak et al, 2018;Rand et al, 2009;Senthilkumar et al, 2020;Sharma et al, 2012;Verghese and Su, 2018;Zhang et al, 2020;Zhang et al, 2017). The neurotoxic or teratogenic effects of those compounds are summerized in Table 1.…”