The Effect of Continuous Mechanical Pressure Upon the Turnover of Articular Cartilage Proteoglycans In vitro

Il, Jones; Klämfeldt, Agneta; Sandström, Thomas

doi:10.1097/00003086-198205000-00043

Cited by 100 publications

(35 citation statements)

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“…1980;O' Driscoll et al 1988). On the other hand, static stress is considered to have an adverse action on the synthetic activity of cartilage cells (Jones et al 1982;Gray et al 1988;Sah et al 1989), and after a time even to cause damage to the tissue (Salter and Field 1960;Trias 1961). Furthermore, shifting of the load-bearing areas within the joint is likely to promote circulation of the nutrient synovial fluid (Bullough 1981) and an increased exchange with the fluid bound in the cartilage (Putz and Fischer 1993).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The influence of geometry on the stress distribution in joints ? a finite element analysis

et al. 1994

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Abstract. The incongruity of human joints is a phenomenon which has long been recognized, and recent CT-osteoabsorptiometric findings suggest that this incongruity influences the distribution of stress in joints during their normal physiological use. The finite element method (FEM) was therefore applied to five different geometric configurations consistent with the anatomy of articular surfaces, and a program with variable contact areas (Marc) was used to calculate the stress distribution for loads of 100 to 6 900 N. The assumption of congruity between head and socket results in a "bell-shaped" distribution of stress with a maximum value of 61.5 N/ram 2 in the depths of the socket, decreasing towards zero at its edges. In the model with a flatter socket the von Mises stresses are higher (max. 101.3 N/mm2); with a deeper socket, lower (max. 53.0 N/ram2). If the diameter of the head is greater, the stresses build up from the periphery of the socket and move towards its depths as the load increases. The combination of an oversized head and a deeper socket results in the most satisfactory stress distribution (max. 43.2 N/mm2). These results extend previous photoelastic findings with incongruous joint surfaces. The calculated mechanical conditions show a relationship to the location of osteoarthritic changes, and are reflected by the distribution pattern of subchondral bone density. A more satisfactory stress distribution is found with functionally advantageous, incongruous joint surfaces (oversized head and deepened socket) than in the congruous joint, and a better nutritive situation for the articular cartilage seems likely. The geometry of the joint is therefore a physiologically important and quantifiable factor contributing to an optimized transmission of forces in joints.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The influence of geometry on the stress distribution in joints ? a finite element analysis

et al. 1994

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“…7 Previous studies have established that mechanical loading regulates the normal maintenance of articular cartilage in vivo 8,9 and in vitro. [10][11][12][13][14][15][16][17] Investigators using dynamic or cyclic loading conditions have shown that the biosynthetic response is strongly dependent on magnitude and frequency of the applied load, 13,14,[17][18][19][20] with slow frequency loading generally resulting in suppression of proteoglycan (PG) synthesis, whereas more rapid loading frequencies result in stimulated synthesis. 21 Using agarose as the scaffold material, we have demonstrated that in culture, applied dynamic compressive loading can modulate extracellular matrix composition and=or structural organization of engineered constructs, which promotes development of engineered cartilage tissues with a Young's modulus that matches native values.…”

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confidence: 99%

Dynamic Mechanical Loading Enhances Functional Properties of Tissue-Engineered Cartilage Using Mature Canine Chondrocytes

Bian

Fong

Lima

et al. 2010

Tissue Engineering Part A

126

114

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“…This is the benefit gained with cartilage explant studies compared with studies carried out in vivo. The in vitro experiments have shown that static compression using mechanical or osmotic stress decreases PG and protein synthesis (Jones et al, 1982;Gray et al, 1989;Sah et al, 1989;Urban and Bayliss, 1989;Kim et al, 1994;Buschmann et al, 1995). However, dynamic compression stimulates matrix PG biosynthesis (Palmoski and Brandt, 1984;Sah et al, 1989;Korver et al, 1992;Parkkinen et al, 1992;Kim et al, 1994;Buschmann et al, 1995), although the results have shown great variability depending on the loading protocols and specimen geometry used.…”

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confidence: 99%

Articular cartilage collagen birefringence is altered concurrent with changes in proteoglycan synthesis during dynamic in vitro loading

et al. 1998

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Introduction:The articular cartilage collagen network and proteoglycans are subject to changes in deteriorating joint diseases. In this study, we exposed articular cartilage plugs to cyclic loading and investigated the properties of collagen network and proteoglycans in different zones of the articular cartilage.Methods: Articular cartilage full-depth plugs were exposed in vitro to 4.1 MPa cyclic (0.5 Hz) loading for 1 to 20 hr and investigated using quantitative microscopic methods (i.e., polarized light microscopy, microspectrophotometry, and autoradiography).Results: The loading caused packing or condensation of the tissue. In histological sections, the height of uncalcified articular cartilage decreased by an average of 12.8% (range, 4 to 19.7%). Loading increased the birefringence of collagen in the superficial cartilage (P Ͻ 0.05), with thickening of the zone up to 41.4% at 20 hr. The thickness of the intermediate zone increased also (22% at 1 hr and 434% at 20 hr). Concomitantly, the birefringence (P Ͻ 0.05) and the thickness of the deep zone decreased (18.5 to 27.8%). Loading for 4 hr increased the 35 S-sulphate incorporation of the cartilage explants by an average of 67% (P Ͻ 0.05). The increase was most significant in the deep cartilage. A simultaneous increase was observed in the proteoglycan concentration of the cartilage; the staining intensity with safranin-O increased by 8.8% (P Ͻ 0.05). After 8 hr loading, this stimulation decreased; at 20 hr, loading caused a clear inhibitory effect on proteoglycan synthesis in the superficial zone.Discussion: According to these results, the chosen loading regimen increased the thickness and collagen orientation in the superficial zone. In contrast, the thickness and birefringence in the deep cartilage were reduced.

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The Effect of Continuous Mechanical Pressure Upon the Turnover of Articular Cartilage Proteoglycans In vitro

Cited by 100 publications

References 0 publications

The influence of geometry on the stress distribution in joints ? a finite element analysis

The influence of geometry on the stress distribution in joints ? a finite element analysis

Dynamic Mechanical Loading Enhances Functional Properties of Tissue-Engineered Cartilage Using Mature Canine Chondrocytes

Articular cartilage collagen birefringence is altered concurrent with changes in proteoglycan synthesis during dynamic in vitro loading

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